Sunday, December 21, 2014

Heartland Theory and Geographical Pivot

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Black Sea - Operation Sea Breeze (NATO 2021) ..

Sir Halford John Mackinder (15 February 1861 – 6 March 1947) was an English geographer, academic and politician, who is regarded as one of the founding fathers of both geopolitics and geostrategy. He was the first Principal of University Extension College, Reading (which became the University of Reading) from 1892 to 1903, and Director of the London School of Economics from 1903 to 1908. While continuing his academic career part-time, he was also the Member of Parliament for Glasgow Camlachie from 1910 to 1922. From 1923, he was Professor of Geography at the London School of Economics.

In 1904, Mackinder gave a paper on "The Geographical Pivot of History" at the Royal Geographical Society, in which he formulated the Heartland Theory. This is often considered as a, if not the, founding moment of geopolitics as a field of study, although Mackinder did not use the term. Whilst the Heartland Theory initially received little attention outside geography, this theory would later exercise some influence on the foreign policies of world powers.

The theory for Geographic Causation in Universal History proposed by Sir Halford Mackinder in his paper - The Geographic Pivot of History delivered as a lecture in 1904.

The theoretical propositions in the paper regarding how natural geography controls the flow of history of civilisations - with nature acting as a stage for man to act upon - was the most relevant contribution of Halford Mackinder towards developing a philosophic synthesis between geography, history and statesmanship, leading to the development of modern geopolitics.

Signs of Mackinder's Heartland Theory can be found in the works of geopolitician Dimitri Kitsikis, particularly in his "Intermediate Region" model. There is a significant geographical overlap between the Heartland or "Pivot Area" and the Intermediate Region, with the exception of Germany-Prussia and north-eastern China, which Kitsikis excludes from the Intermediate Region. Mackinder, on the other hand, excludes North Africa, Eastern Europe and the Middle East from the Heartland. The reason for this difference is that Mackinder's model is primarily geo-strategic, while Kitsikis' model is geo-civilizational. However, the roles of both the Intermediate Region and the Heartland are regarded by their respective authors as being pivotal in the shaping of world history.


Monday, December 15, 2014

National Rivalries

22-7-1 Countries That Dislike Each Other - General Knowledge > .

New World Order & Geopolitics of Competition

2019 (Bretton Woods, Gold Standard) New World Order - Caspian > .
23-12-6 Shadow Fleet Fueling Ruscia’s War | Bloomberg > .
23-11-14 Israel, Islam & the New Cold War | Niall Ferguson - John Anderson > .
23-9-2 When the Elites Will Topple P00ti (subs) - Katz > .
23-8-17 [Twisted] History Book | [Lying] High School P00paganda (subs) - Katz > .
23-4-16 R-U Hybrid Warfare: P00paganda, cyber, hybrid methods - Perun > .
23-3-23 5 Takeaways [Xi’s P00petry visit] - Stubb - STG > .
23-2-19 Ruscia's Grand Strategy & Ukraine - P00's geostrategic disaster - P > .
23-1-16 Bretton Woods - Why it's Important - EEE > .
22-12-14 US National Security Strategy in 6 points – Geopolitics c Alex Stubb > .
22-12-5 German Development Model: Rise, Merkel, Ru, Crisis, Scholz, Xina - gtbt > .
22-11-24 Ukrainian Consequences: The New American War Model - PZ > .
22-10-9 "Overreach: How China Derailed Its Peaceful Rise" | Susan Shirk - CU > .
22-7-21 How the economy of Russia is dying (English subtitles) - Максим Кац > .
22-4-21 Russia–Ukraine war, US–China rivalry, Thucydides’s Trap > .
22-4-10 Ukraine War From Russia's Perspective - CaspianReport > .
22-3-29 Alexander Dugin's Imperialist Ideology (Russia's Collapse) - gtbt >
22-3-25 US & World Should Have A 'Coherent, Bipartisan' Strategy For China - Rudd > .
Proxy War  

Halford Mackinder (1862-1947)
Aleksandr Gelyevich Dugin (1962- )Nicholas John Spykman (1893-1943)Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzezinski (1928-2017)

Saturday, December 13, 2014

Power of Geography


Review: Prisoners of Geography by Tim Marshall - CaRe > .
Prisoners of Geography by Tim Marshall - Waterstones > .
2021 How Did Russia Become So Big? - GeKn > .

Venice - Geographic Crisis ..

The Power of Geography: Ten Maps That Reveals the Future of Our World .

"Tim Marshall's global bestseller Prisoners of Geography  showed how every nation's choices are limited by mountains, rivers, seas and concrete. Since then, the geography hasn't changed, but the world has.

In this revelatory new book, Marshall takes us into ten regions that are set to shape global politics and power. Find out why the Earth's atmosphere is the world's next battleground; why the fight for the Pacific is just beginning; and why Europe's next refugee crisis is closer than it thinks." [reviews]

Tim Marshall's new book, The Power of Geography, is a sequel to The Prisons of Geography:

4:10 Russia .
8:18 Baltic .
8:38 Black Sea .
10:15 UK .
33:20 Greece & Turkey .
18:54 Iran .
20:59 Middle East .
21:45 Australia .
25:34 China .
25:51 Quad = Australia, India, Japan, USA .
26:57 First Island Chain .
27:54 Space .
28:16 Chokepoints .
Q&A .

The Power of Geography: Chapters:
1. Australia
2. Iran
3. Saudi Arabia
4. The United Kingdom
5. Greece
6. Turkey
7. The Sahel
8. Ethiopia
9. Spain
10. Space



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_Geography .
? https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=tim+marshall ?
? https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=prisoners+of+geography ?

sī vīs pācem, parā bellum

igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum    therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...