Monday, October 16, 2017

Mein Kampf (1925)

.
Mein Kampf: The Secrets of Adolf Hitler's Book of Evil > .
Mein Kampf: Exposing Horrifying Secrets Inside Hitler's Banned Book - Diary > .
Dark Mysteries Of Hitler's Nazi Manifesto | Mein Kampf | HiHi > .


Hitler’s Mein Kampf was first published in 1925. The 700-page work has been translated into 18 languages, sold over 12 million copies and been revised numerous times since Hitler's death. Almost everyone knows of it, yet hardly anyone has actually read it. Mein Kampf is a book of paradoxes, famous yet unfamiliar - fascinating and repellant at the same time.
.....
The Dugdale abridgement was published in October 1933. Titled My Struggle the book was published as the second number in the Paternoster Library.

Excerpts from Mein Kampf in The Lion Has Wings > .
But it remained for the Jews, with their unqualified capacity for falsehood, and their fighting comrades, the Marxists, to impute responsibility for the downfall precisely to the man who alone had shown a superhuman will and energy in his effort to prevent the catastrophe which he had foreseen and to save the nation from that hour of complete overthrow and shame. By placing responsibility for the loss of the world war on the shoulders of Ludendorff they took away the weapon of moral right from the only adversary dangerous enough to be likely to succeed in bringing the betrayers of the Fatherland to Justice.
All this was inspired by the principle—which is quite true within itself—that in the big lie there is always a certain force of credibility; because the broad masses of a nation are always more easily corrupted in the deeper strata of their emotional nature than consciously or voluntarily; and thus in the primitive simplicity of their minds they more readily fall victims to the big lie than the small lie, since they themselves often tell small lies in little matters but would be ashamed to resort to large-scale falsehoods.  
It would never come into their heads to fabricate colossal untruths, and they would not believe that others could have the impudence to distort the truth so infamously. Even though the facts which prove this to be so may be brought clearly to their minds, they will still doubt and waver and will continue to think that there may be some other explanation. For the grossly impudent lie always leaves traces behind it, even after it has been nailed down, a fact which is known to all expert liars in this world and to all who conspire together in the art of lying.
—  Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, vol. I, ch. X ~ James Murphy's translation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_lie .
...
Mein Kampf (My Struggle or My Fight) is a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler.
....
Hitler originally wanted to call his forthcoming book Viereinhalb Jahre (des Kampfes) gegen Lüge, Dummheit und Feigheit, or Four and a Half Years (of Struggle) Against Lies, Stupidity and CowardiceMax Amann, head of the Franz Eher Verlag and Hitler's publisher, is said to have suggested the much shorter "Mein Kampf" or "My Struggle"....
The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926. The book was edited firstly by Emil Maurice, then by Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess.
....
Hitler began Mein Kampf while imprisoned for what he considered to be "political crimes" following his failed Putsch in Munich in November 1923. Although Hitler received many visitors initially, he soon devoted himself entirely to the book. As he continued, Hitler realized that it would have to be a two-volume work, with the first volume scheduled for release in early 1925. The governor of Landsberg noted at the time that "he [Hitler] hopes the book will run into many editions, thus enabling him to fulfill his financial obligations and to defray the expenses incurred at the time of his trial." After slow initial sales, the book was a bestseller in Germany after Hitler's rise to power in 1933.

After Hitler's death, copyright of Mein Kampf passed to the state government of Bavaria, which refused to allow any copying or printing of the book in Germany. In 2016, following the expiration of the copyright held by the Bavarian state government, Mein Kampf was republished in Germany for the first time since 1945, which prompted public debate and divided reactions from Jewish groups.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mein_Kampf .

Ever since the early 1930s, the history of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf in English has been complicated and has been the occasion for controversy. No fewer than four full translations were completed before 1945, as well as a number of extracts in newspapers, pamphlets, government documents and unpublished typescripts. Not all of these had official approval from his publishers, Eher Verlag. Since the war, the 1943 Ralph Manheim translation has been the most popular published translation, though other versions have continued to circulate.
...
Eher Verlag took steps to secure the copyright and trademark rights to Mein Kampf in the United States in 1925 and 1927. In 1928 the literary agency Curtis Brown, Limited secured the assignment for negotiation of translation rights in the United States and Great Britain, and a German copy was picked up by their employee, Cherry Kearton. However, the firm found it difficult to interest publishers in the 782-page book by the leader of what was then an obscure splinter party in Germany. Even after the elections of September 1930, when the Nazi Party became the second largest party in the Reichstag, publishers were cautious about investing in a translation, due to the Great Depression.

The same election inspired Blanche Dugdale to urge her husband, E. T. S. Dugdale, to write an abridgement of Mein Kampf. Dugdale began his work on this abridgement in about 1931, but he, too, was unable to find a publisher for it. In early 1933, at the time of the Nazi seizure of power in Germany, Dugdale apparently got in touch with Eher Verlag, who put him into contact with Kearton, now working for the firm of Hurst and Blackett. The latter firm was in the process of buying the translation rights from Curtis Brown for a sum of £350. Dugdale offered the abridgment to Hurst & Blackett free of charge, with the stipulation that his name not be used for the British edition. Before the book could go to press, however, Hurst and Blackett were visited by Dr. Hans Wilhelm Thost, London correspondent of the Völkischer Beobachter and an active member of the "Nazi organization" in London. Despite Eher Verlag's being satisfied with Dugdale's abridgement, Thost insisted on taking a copy to Berlin for further censoring and official sanction. The abridgement was finally published in October 1933. Titled My Struggle the book was published as the second number in the Paternoster Library.

In the United States, Houghton Mifflin secured the rights to the Dugdale abridgement on July 29, 1933. The only differences between the American and British versions are that the title was translated My Struggle in the UK and My Battle in America; and that Dugdale is credited as translator in the US edition, while the British version withheld his name. The original price was $3.00.

In January 1937, Houghton Mifflin issued a second edition, the first having sold out. The price was lowered to $2.50. The publishers replaced the old dust jacket that featured Hitler giving his salute over a black and white background with a new one that featured panels of black, red, and yellow and a quote from Dorothy Thompson. This led to an official protest by the German government, as the black-red-yellow color scheme was emblematic of the liberal German revolutions of 1848–49 and the Weimar Republic, while the Nazis had returned to the black, white, red of the Second ReichThomson's quote was also objected to, as she was expelled from the Reich in 1934 after writing unflattering accounts of Hitler. The affair lasted into March 1937, with Houghton Mifflin agreeing to change the yellow to white, though it is unknown if the Dorothy Thompson quote was ever removed.
...
89,390 copies of the Dugdale abridgment were sold in the United Kingdom between 1933 and 1938.

There were three separate [US] printings from August 1938 to March 1939, totaling 14,000; sales totals by March 31, 1939 were 10,345.
...
The Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda commissioned James Vincent Murphy, who had been employed to make English translations of Hitler's speeches and other items, to begin an English translation of Mein Kampf in late 1936 and it was finished by the fall of 1937. However, the Propaganda Ministry cancelled the project and sequestered all copies of the manuscript. Murphy was beginning to be seen as "unreliable" by the government and was dismissed from his position at the Ministry.
...
Murphy was convinced to return to Germany to secure both a copy of the manuscript and permission to publish it, but on the date he was scheduled fly to Berlin. he was denied an entry visa and told he would be wasting his time. Therefore, his wife, Mary, decided to make the trip, finally crossing the Channel on November 6, 1938. In Berlin she was unable to schedule any appointments with the Propaganda Ministry until November 10. This meant she was in Berlin during the infamous Kristallnacht pogrom of November 9. The next day she met with Heinrich Bohle at the Propaganda Ministry, but could not get anywhere. She pursued other contacts within the Ministry but came up empty handed. Finally, without any more money and living with her ex-house keeper, she decided to visit one of James' former secretaries whom he had employed as a typist. To her great relief, she still had one of the handwritten copies of the James Murphy translation. She left Berlin on November 20 ['38].
...
Murphy's translation hit the stores in the United Kingdom on March 20, 1939. ... Because so many records were destroyed during the war, accurate sales figures on Murphy's translation are difficult to establish. Robert Sommerfeld reported that approximately 32,000 copies were sold by August 1939. There was also an illustrated edition and a serial edition in eight parts. It has been conjectured that 150,000–200,000 copies were sold in total.

 ----
James Vincent Murphy has been accused of translating the German word "Hakenkreuz" (Hooked Cross) which Nazis called their symbol, as "Swastika", a Hindu religious symbol signifying prosperity and wellness. However, in European and Indo-European tradition the Swastika is the symbol of the cyclic nature of time and space. The Swastika has been found throughout Europe and especially in Scandinavian Bronze age inscriptions.

https://time.com/4161722/mein-kampf-hitler-germany/ .

Music Broadcasts - WW2

.Music to Win a War - Music of World War Two - WW2 - Homefront > .

- We´ll Meet Again by Vera Lynn, recording from 1939: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1xrofiEa4w 
- A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square, by Vera Lynn, recording from 1940: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTeiYN_Vq6E 
- In The Mood, by The Miller Band, recording from 1940: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXWBxHv3oaY 
- If There Is War Tomorrow, performed by the Red Army Choir: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCcBmbJdREQ 
- The Sacred War, performed by the Red Banner Ensemble of Red Army Songs and Dances of the USSR, 1941: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oymE43K3LsU 
- Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy, by the Andrew Sisters, recording from 1941: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2m7fswxSF8 
- The Last Time I Saw Paris, by Kate Smith, recording from 1941: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BofW9xnqe4 
- Chattanooga Choo Choo by The Miller Band, recording from 1941: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=towd-TeGMVY 
- Praise The Lord And Pass The Ammunition, by Kay Kyser, recording from 1942: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2m7fswxSF8 
- Rosie the Riveter by Four Vagabonds, recording from 1943: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EErJupzj2hw

Sunday, October 15, 2017

1888-9-22 National Geographic Magazine

.22nd September 1888: 1st edition of National Geographic Magazine published - HiPo > .

The National Geographic Society was established in Washington D.C. in January 1888. Founded by just thirty-three men, the Society’s first President was the lawyer and financier Gardiner Greene Hubbard whose lay interest in science and geography perfectly embodied the Society’s creation ‘for the increase and diffusion of geographical knowledge’.

Nine months after the Society’s foundation, the first edition of its journal was sent to its 165 charter members. Consisting mostly of short technical articles, the magazine struggled to increase its readership for the first few years of its existence. Following the election of Alexander Graham Bell as President and the appointment of the new editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor, the early 1900s saw the magazine begin to focus more on pictorial content. Although criticised by some members of the Board of Managers for being ‘unscientific’, the increasing use of often pioneering photographs soon helped to secure a much wider audience.

Initially only available to members of the National Geographic Society, the magazine is now available to purchase on newsstands and through direct subscription around the world. The creation of nearly 40 different local-language editions has resulted in a global circulation of more than 6.5 million copies per month, reaching an estimated 60 million readers. Revenue from sales of the magazine help to fund scientific expeditions and scientific research as well as sponsor travelling exhibitions, making the National Geographic Society one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational organisations in the world.

New Ways of War (August '40)

New Ways of War by Tom Wintringham (40):

Wintingham set up a training-school for the new Home Guard at Osterley Park in West London, employing International Brigade veterans and exiled Spanish explosives experts as tutors. He wrote articles in the popular illustrated magazine Picture Post. Then, in August 1940, he published his principal military treatise, New Ways of War. It sold 75,000 copies in the first few months. The actual readership was almost certainly much higher, as wartime paper shortages meant that books tended to be passed around.

In the book, Wintringham was withering in his denunciation of military blimps.
... 
Wintringham wrote several pamphlets on the war effort including New Ways of War (1940), Freedom is Our Weapon (1941) and Politics of Victory (1941).

In New Ways of War he wrote: "Knowing that science and the riches of the earth make possible an abundance of material things for all, and trusting our fellows and ourselves to achieve that abundance after we have won, we are willing to throw everything we now possess into the common lot, to win this fight. We will allow no personal considerations of rights, privileges, property, income, family or friendship to stand in our way. Whatever the future may hold we will continue our war for liberty."
https://www.military-history.org/books/new-ways-of-war-by-tom-wintringham.htm .
https://www.marxists.org/archive/hansen/1940/12/war.htm .
Hindenberg/Siegfried Line WW1 ..

At the start of the Spanish Civil War, Wintringham went to Barcelona as a journalist for the Daily Worker, but he joined and eventually commanded the British Battalion of the International Brigades. Some socialist commentators have credited him with the whole idea of "international" brigades. He also had an affair with a US journalist, Kitty Bowler, whom he later married.

In February 1937 he was wounded in the Battle of Jarama. While injured in Spain he became friends with Ernest Hemingway, who based one of his characters upon him. He spent some months as a machine gun instructor. When he returned to the battalion the next summer he contracted typhoid, was again wounded at Quinto in August 1937 and was repatriated in October. His later book English Captain is based on these experiences.

In 1938, the Communist Party condemned Kitty Bowler as a Trotskyist spy but he refused to leave her: he quit the party instead. He came to mistrust the party's subservience to Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union and Comintern. Back in England, Tom Hopkinson recruited him to work for the magazine Picture Post.

On returning from Spain, Wintringham began to call for an armed civilian guard to repel any Axis invasion, and as early as 1938 he had begun campaigning for what would become the Home Guard. He taught the troops tactics of guerrilla warfare, including a movement known as the 'Monkey Crawl'. They were also taught how to deal with dive bombers.

At the outbreak of the Second World War, Wintringham applied for an army officer's commission but was rejected. When the Communist Party promulgated its policy of staying out of the war due to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, he strongly condemned their policies. Because of the appeasement policies of prime minister Neville Chamberlain, he also regarded the Tories as Nazi sympathizers and wrote that they should be removed from office. He wrote for Picture Post, the Daily Mirror, and wrote columns for Tribune and the New Statesman.

In May 1940, after the escape from Dunkirk, Wintringham began to write in support of the Local Defence Volunteers, the forerunner of the Home Guard. On 10 July, he opened the private Home Guard training school at Osterley Park, London.

Wintringham's training methods were mainly based on his experience in Spain. He even had veterans who had fought alongside him in Spain who trained volunteers in anti-tank warfare and demolitions. He also taught street fighting and guerrilla warfare. He wrote many articles in Picture Post and the Daily Mirror propagating his views about the Home Guard with the motto "a people's war for a people's peace".

The British Army still did not dare trust Wintringham because of his communist past. After September 1940, the army began to take charge of the Home Guard training in Osterley and Wintringham and his comrades were gradually sidelined. Wintringham resigned in April 1941. Ironically, despite his activities in support of the Home Guard, Wintringham was never allowed to join the organisation itself because of a policy barring membership to Communists and Fascists.

In 1942, Wintringham proceeded to found a Common Wealth Party with Vernon Bartlett, Sir Richard Acland and J. B. Priestley. He received 48 percent of the vote at the Midlothian and Peebles Northern by-election in February 1943, previously a safe Tory seat. In the 1945 general election he stood in the Aldershot constituency, the Labour Party candidate standing down to give him a clear race against the incumbent Conservative MP. His wife Kitty stood in the same Midlothian constituency that he had come so close to winning two years earlier, but neither was elected. After the war Wintringham and many of the founders of Common Wealth left and joined the Labour Party, suggesting the dissolving of CW.

Tom Wintringham died on 16 August 1949, aged 51, after a massive heart attack while he was staying with his sister at her farm at Owmby, Lincolnshire.

1943-5-15 Stalin dissolves the Comintern: promoter of worldwide communism > .

Books by Tom Wintringham:
  • War! And the way to fight against it., Communist Party of Great Britain, London, 1932
  • Air Raid Warning! Why the Royal Air Force is to be doubled, Workers' Bookshop, London, 1934
  • The Coming World War., Wishart 1935
  • Mutiny. Mutinies from Spartacus to Invergordon., Stanley Nott, London 1936
  • English Captain., Faber 1939 (also in Penguin)
  • How to reform the army ('Fact No. 98'), London, 1939
  • Wintringham, Tom (1940). Deadlock War. Faber and Faber. ASIN B000OEKCHS.
  • New Ways of War., Penguin Special 1940
  • Armies of Freemen., Routledge 1940
  • Ferdinand Otto Miksche: Blitzkrieg, translated by Tom Wintringham, Faber, London, 1941
  • Peoples' War., Penguin Special 1942
  • Freedom is our Weapon. A Policy for Army Reform., Kegan Paul 1941
  • Politics of Victory., Routledge 1941
  • Weapons and Tactics from Troy to Stalingrad., Houghton Mifflin, Boston, USA 1943, republished 1973 with Col. John Blashford-Snell ISBN 0-14-021522-0
  • Your M.P. By 'Gracchus'. Gollancz 1944

Newspapers - Historical


Historical Newspapers - How You Can View Them From Home - find > .

Finding ancestors and growing your family tree is made easier with our incredible, growing collection of historical newspapers. Here we show you how they are made available for you to search at home.

You can find so much within the pages of these newspapers, adding colour and richness to your ancestors' lives: family announcements, articles, photographs and more. Did your ancestor have a brush with the law? Did they perform a great deed? Find out. The more records you can add to your family tree and family story, the better. We bring more newspapers online every single week, so if you don't find your family straight away, keep checking back.

Search the newspapers today: https://search.findmypast.co.uk/searc...

sī vīs pācem, parā bellum

igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum    therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...