MI6 - Secret Intelligence Service

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23-8-23 MI6 - History; (Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens) SIS Building - B1M > .

24-6-9 How a CIA Base Works & Pine Gap - fern > .

MI6 – 54 Broadway, London > .

Declassified History Of The British Secret Service - Time > .

MI6’s Secret War - WW2 - Spies & Ties > .

Gallery of Global Quislings - WW2 > .

Y Stations - 1 - Bletchley Park > .

16-11-8 Why Intelligence Failures Happen - MHV > .

Spies, Analysts, Traitors - WW1, WW2 - BeGe >> .

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Strategic Studies - Conventional - J Spencer-Churchill >> .

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WW2 Deception, Intelligence, Espionage - tb >> .

The SIS Building or MI6 Building at Vauxhall Cross houses the headquarters of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, MI6), the United Kingdom's foreign intelligence agency. It is located at 85 Albert Embankment in Vauxhall, London, on the bank of the River Thames beside Vauxhall Bridge. The building has been the headquarters of the SIS since 1994. The site on which the SIS building stands had been the location of the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens in the 19th century.

The building at 54 Broadway, which has a prominent mansard roof, was completed around 1924, when it became the main operating base for the Secret Intelligence Service. During the Second World War it had a brass plaque identifying it as the offices of the "Minimax Fire Extinguisher Company". Sir Stewart Menzies, Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service, had access to a tunnel, which connected 54 Broadway to his private residence in Queen Anne's Gate. Kim Philby, who worked in the building during the war, described it as

a dingy building, a warren of wooden partitions and frosted glass windows...served by an ancient lift.

The building has been used as overflow facility by London Underground, based at 55 Broadway.

In 1964 the Secret Intelligence Service moved out to Century House, a 22-storey office block on Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth, near Lambeth North and Waterloo stations. SIS's location at Century House was classified information, though The Daily Telegraph reported that it was "London's worst-kept secret, known only to every taxi driver, tourist guide and KGB agent". Century House was described as "irredeemably insecure" in a 1985 National Audit Office (NAO) report with security concerns raised in a survey; the modernist building was made largely of glass, and had a petrol station at its base. Security concerns combined with the remaining short leasehold and cost of modernising the building were important factors in moving to a new headquarters.

The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6, is the foreign intelligence service of the government of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence (HUMINT) in support of the UK's national security. Human intelligence (frequently abbreviated HUMINT and sometimes pronounced as hyoo-mint) is intelligence gathered by means of interpersonal contact, as opposed to the more technical intelligence gathering disciplines such as signals intelligence (SIGINT), imagery intelligence (IMINT) and measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT).

SIS is a member of the country's intelligence community and its Chief is accountable to the country's Foreign Secretary.

Formed in 1909 as a section of the Secret Service Bureau specialising in foreign intelligence, the section experienced dramatic growth during World War I and officially adopted its current name around 1920. The name MI6 (meaning Military Intelligence, Section 6) originated as a flag of convenience during World War II, when SIS was known by many names. It is still commonly used today. The existence of SIS was not officially acknowledged until 1994 when the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (ISA) was introduced to Parliament, to place the organisation on a statutory footing for the first time.

Cambridge Five ..
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NSA - USA's National Security Agency

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Intricacies of the NSA: Most Covert Intelligence Agency - VisPol > .

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24-6-9 How a CIA Base Works & Pine Gap - fern > .

23-8-29 Major FBI Operation Targeted Qakbot Botnet - Director Wray > .

22-9-25 Inside the CIA’s top secret museum – BBC > .

22-9-27 Most Unbelievable Things the CIA Has Done - Side > .

22-12-14 US National Security Strategy in 6 points – Geopolitics c Alex Stubb > .
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American Black Chamber (1931) ..

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The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence. The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign and domestic intelligence and counterintelligence purposes, specializing in a discipline known as signals intelligence (SIGINT). The NSA is also tasked with the protection of U.S. communications networks and information systems. The NSA relies on a variety of measures to accomplish its mission, the majority of which are clandestine.

The Black Chamber (1919–1929), also known as the Cipher Bureau, was the United States' first peacetime cryptanalytic organization, and a forerunner of the National Security Agency. The only prior codes and cypher organizations maintained by the US government had been some intermittent, and always abandoned, attempts by Armed Forces branches prior to WW1.

Having originated as a unit to decipher coded communications in WW1, the NSA was officially formed by President Harry S. Truman in 1952. Since then, it has become the largest of the U.S. intelligence organizations in terms of personnel and budget. The NSA currently conducts worldwide mass data collection and has been known to physically bug electronic systems as one method to this end. The NSA is also alleged to have been behind such attack software as Stuxnet, which severely damaged Iran's nuclear program. The NSA, alongside the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), maintains a physical presence in many countries across the globe; the CIA/NSA joint Special Collection Service (a highly classified intelligence team) inserts eavesdropping devices in high value targets (such as presidential palaces or embassies). SCS collection tactics allegedly encompass "close surveillance, burglary, wiretapping, [and] breaking and entering".

Unlike the CIA and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), both of which specialize primarily in foreign human espionage, the NSA does not publicly conduct human-source intelligence gathering. The NSA is entrusted with providing assistance to, and the coordination of, SIGINT elements for other government organizations – which are prevented by law from engaging in such activities on their own. As part of these responsibilities, the agency has a co-located organization called the Central Security Service (CSS), which facilitates cooperation between the NSA and other U.S. defense cryptanalysis components. To further ensure streamlined communication between the signals intelligence community divisions, the NSA Director simultaneously serves as the Commander of the United States Cyber Command and as Chief of the Central Security Service.

The NSA's actions have been a matter of political controversy on several occasions, including its spying on anti–Vietnam War leaders and the agency's participation in economic espionage. In 2013, the NSA had many of its secret surveillance programs revealed to the public by Edward Snowden, a former NSA contractor. According to the leaked documents, the NSA intercepts and stores the communications of over a billion people worldwide, including United States citizens. The documents also revealed the NSA tracks hundreds of millions of people's movements using cellphones' metadata. Internationally, research has pointed to the NSA's ability to surveil the domestic Internet traffic of foreign countries through "boomerang routing".

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21-11-18 UK and US join forces to strike back in cyber-space: 

Operation Greenup

22-3-18 Operation Greenup- Secret Jewish Soldiers Behind Enemy Lines - Dark > .

Frederick "Fred" Mayer (28 October 1921, in Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden, Germany – 15 April 2016, in Charles Town, Jefferson County, West Virginia) was a German-born Jew who became an American spy as an OSS agent for the United States during WW2. He negotiated the surrender of the German Army in Innsbruck, Austria, in 1945 after he was captured in "Operation Greenup".

Former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency William J. Casey called Operation Greenup "by far the most successful of OSS operations mounted from Bari". The operation included three men: Mayer, Wijnberg, and Franz Weber, a former Austrian Wehrmacht officer. Their task was to scout "the heavily fortified area of Austria's 'Alpine Redoubt'".

It was decided the men should be parachuted near Innsbruck, but all flat areas were occupied by the military. Mayer recalled a small lake between two peaks that was frozen in February. It wasn't an easy place to fly to, especially in the winter conditions, but finally a pilot named Billings volunteered. "If they are crazy enough to jump there, I will be crazy enough to take them there." On February 26, 1945, the men jumped in the darkness. They found themselves at the ridge of a glacier at a 10,000 feet elevation. They found all but one container that was dropped with them. Unfortunately their skis were in that missing container. They had to walk down the slope in waist-deep snow.

Eventually they reached Weber's family. With their help, Mayer posed as a German Army officer. He actually stayed in the officers' barracks in Innsbruck for several months. The information he collected was promptly radioed back by Wijnberg. After three months Mayer decided to pose as a French electrician, who supposedly was fleeing from the advancing Soviet forces.

Mayer was arrested when a black market racketeer he dealt with was caught by the Gestapo and named him as a spy. As soon as his interrogation became physical, the black marketer revealed that he knew a high ranking American agent. Mayer spoke only in French, and tried to convince the Gestapo that he was what he pretended to be. He was tortured to force him to talk.

Operation Hillside - Cartography Unit

Secret wartime operations at National Trust Hughenden Manor > .  

Operation Hillside: Secret WW2 Mission at National Trust's Hughenden Manor > .
ARP, Bunkers, Shelters, Underground - BePr >> .

Aerial Photography .. 

Hughenden Manor is a red brick Victorian mansion, located near High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England. In the 19th century, it was the country house of the Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield.

Arthur Harris took over Bomber Command in 1941 and was appalled by the way the airbase was run. He overhauled it and introduced saturation bombing as a military tactic to help win the war. To do this he needed very precise target maps and expert navigators, as well as the precision timing it would take to get 1,000 bombers over the target in under an hour.

German map production was deliberately stopped in 1931, which meant that when the war started, no one had up-to-date maps of Germany. So our first priority was to secure current maps of enemy territory. A fleet of mosquitoes took off from RAF Benson to take photographs of Germany and the photos were sent to Hughenden Manor.

Hughenden Manor was in close proximity to Bomber Command at Walters Ash. It had been requisitioned by the Air Ministry and was the obvious choice for the mapping operation

A recruitment drive for the most talented surveyors, cartographers, and designers ensued. There was a chronic shortage of cartographers, and all staff were sworn to secrecy about their hidden role in the war—150 people were employed altogether.

Beginning October 1941, the basement at Hughenden Manor was used as a secret intelligence base code-named "Operation Hillside". 

The UK Air Ministry staff at the manor analysed aerial photography of Germany and created maps for bombing missions, including the famous "Dambusters" raid. 

The Manor played a key role in the bomber offensive. It was an ideal location, hidden away in the woods—near to Bomber Command but hard to spot from the air. There were no military police on guard and no obvious signs that it was being used by the military.

The cartographers produced leading-edge maps of Germany from aerial photography--ensuring that information was up-to-date. Inaccuracies could cause real problems for bombers, so a checking section was formed in 1943. 

Hughenden's secret map-making operation in WW2 only came to light 60 years later after a chance encounter one of our house volunteers had with a visitor.

Saturation bombing proved to be hugely successful. The Germans were totally overwhelmed and enormous damage was done to their military bases and fortifications. Flying bomb sites, including Peenemünde, were sought out and bombed to devastation. Aerial surveillance uncovered about 120 different sites where the Germans were building concrete ramps to launch their flying bombs in France and the Low Countries. They were using slave labour to construct them. 

The RAF waited until construction was complete before bombing the ramps, destroying them completely. Other targets included the Ruhr Valley Dams (attacked in the “Dambusters” raid). Operation Hillside also provided bombing support for the D-Day landings, and played a role in the destruction of the German battleship Tirpitz.

On 25 April 1945, The Berghof was bombed and considerable damage was inflicted, but British forces were frustrated to learn that Hitler was in the safety of his Berlin bunker at the time. Five days later, however, Hitler committed suicide.

Hillside took part in Operation Manna which supplied food to the starving Dutch population in 1945, and created maps of a Gestapo prison outside Amiens, enabling Mosquito pilots to blow the walls so the prisoners could escape to freedom.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Harris,_1st_Baronet .

https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/hughenden/features/hughendens-second-world-war-story .

https://www.military-history.org/articles/your-mh-secrets-of-hughenden-manor.htm .

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Benson .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Medmenham .

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde_Army_Research_Center .

National Trust sites with a WW2 connection:

https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/list... .