Tuesday, January 8, 2019
Sunday, January 6, 2019
WAAF
How RAF Prepared For Luftwaffe's Offensive | Battle Of Britain | Timeline > .
Women in the Military - watm >> .
WAAF WW2 >> .
?search WAAF WW2?
Women in the Military - watm >> .
WAAF WW2 >> .
The WAAF was first established in 1939 by King George VI. There was previously an Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS), the female force equivalent to the Territorial Army, but the WAAF itself sprung into being when the Government decided that a separate women’s air service was necessary. The WAAF was not an independent organization, nor was it completely integrated into the RAF. Rather it was interlinked with the RAF so that, whenever possible, RAF personnel could be substituted for women.
Originally the roles of the women of the WAAF were relatively domestic duties such as cooking and driving. Women were certainly not permitted to fly and it seems that their general abilities often doubted in the early years. However, during the Battle of Britain the RAF were under huge strain, resulting in a change of role for the WAAF. It became essential for the women of the organisation to take on more technical roles, and they were trained in radar plotting, the maintenance of barrage balloons and photographic interpretation.
https://www.military-history.org/articles/the-womens-auxiliary-air-force-waaf.htm .
?search WAAF WW2?
Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht lit. defence force) was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force). The designation "Wehrmacht" replaced the previously used term Reichswehr, and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.
After the Nazi rise to power in 1933, one of Adolf Hitler's most overt and audacious moves was to establish the Wehrmacht, a modern offensively-capable armed force, fulfilling the Nazi regime's long-term goals of regaining lost territory as well as gaining new territory and dominating its neighbors. This required the reinstatement of conscription, and massive investment and defense spending on the arms industry.
The Wehrmacht formed the heart of Germany's politico-military power. In the early part of the Second World War, the Wehrmacht employed combined arms tactics (close cover air-support, tanks, and infantry) to devastating effect in what became known as a Blitzkrieg (lightning war). Its campaigns in France (1940), the Soviet Union (1941), and North Africa (1941/42) are regarded as acts of boldness. At the same time, the far-flung advances strained the Wehrmacht's capacity to the breaking point, culminating in the first major defeat in the Battle of Moscow (1941); by late 1942, Germany was losing the initiative in all theatres. The operational art was no match to the war-making abilities of the Allied coalition, making the Wehrmacht's weaknesses in strategy, doctrine, and logistics readily apparent.
Closely cooperating with the SS and the Einsatzgruppen, the German armed forces committed numerous war crimes and atrocities, despite later denials and promotion of the myth of the Clean Wehrmacht. The majority of the war crimes were committed in the Soviet Union, Poland, Yugoslavia, Greece and Italy, as part of the war of annihilation against the Soviet Union, the Holocaust and Nazi security warfare.
During the war about 18 million men served in the Wehrmacht. By the time the war ended in Europe in May 1945, German forces (consisting of the Army, Navy and Luftwaffe, the Waffen-SS, the Volkssturm and foreign collaborateur units) had lost approximately 11,300,000 men, about half of whom were missing or killed during the war. Only a few of the Wehrmacht's upper leadership were tried for war crimes, despite evidence suggesting that more were involved in illegal actions. The majority of the three million Wehrmacht soldiers who invaded the USSR participated in committing war crimes.
German Army Expansion 1933-1939
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlfcm7qTXEU
Panzer Tactics - "Blitzkrieg" Years - Platoon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kg8JM3SUeSU
Panzers in Poland 1939 – Success, Failures & Losses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1BmJ_GF97w
Tanks
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCzmBWTzJTuGxckjx-oxH0JI
Tanks - Military History Visualized
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv0uEimc-uN_TnM1wHY2xX6RwdVA23BHX
Weapons 101 - Military History Visualized
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv0uEimc-uN-xmvYYHmcCSSZzPOEu0vEu
https://plus.google.com/103755316640704343614/posts/5iSxR5yBtzE
German Military History - Military History Visualized
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv0uEimc-uN86P9RyMisSISjirwnJbQso
Military History Visualized >> playlists
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK09g6gYGMvU-0x1VCF1hgA/playlists
Weapons 101 - Military History Visualized
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv0uEimc-uN-xmvYYHmcCSSZzPOEu0vEu
German Forces
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCz5u3tt0EG-o-5x6BiDMDQB
How to Pronounce German WW2 Units from the Panzer Lehr in Steel Division '44
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiQn4_PJfx4
Pronunciation > .
German Forces - tb >> .
> Bundeswehr >>
German Ranks: Which rank commanded which Unit? > .
Kriegsmarine:
Why were Wehrmacht Logistics so bad? - MHnV > .
The Wehrmacht -- "Defence Force" -- was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1946. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force).
The designation Wehrmacht for Nazi Germany's military replaced the previously used term, Reichswehr (1919–35), and was the manifestation of Nazi Germany's efforts to rearm the nation to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht
Statistics for German World War II military casualties are divergent and contradictory. The wartime military casualty figures compiled by German High Command, up until January 31, 1945, are often cited by military historians when covering individual campaigns in the war. A recent study by the German historian Rüdiger Overmans found that the German High Command statistics are not reliable, he estimated German military dead at 5.3 million. However the German government still maintains that its records list 4.3 million dead and missing military personnel.
Civilian deaths during the war include air raid deaths, estimates of German civilians killed only by Allied strategic bombing have ranged from around 350,000 to 500,000. Civilian deaths, due to the flight and expulsion of Germans and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union are disputed and range from 500,000 to over 2.0 million.
According to the German government Suchdienste (Search Service) there were 300,000 German victims (including Jews) of Nazi racial, political and religious persecution. This statistic does not include 200,000 German persons with mental and/or physical disabilities who were murdered in the Nazi euthanasia program.
After the Nazi rise to power in 1933, one of Adolf Hitler's most overt and audacious moves was to establish the Wehrmacht, a modern offensively-capable armed force, fulfilling the Nazi regime's long-term goals of regaining lost territory as well as gaining new territory and dominating its neighbors. This required the reinstatement of conscription, and massive investment and defense spending on the arms industry.
The Wehrmacht formed the heart of Germany's politico-military power. In the early part of the Second World War, the Wehrmacht employed combined arms tactics (close cover air-support, tanks, and infantry) to devastating effect in what became known as a Blitzkrieg (lightning war). Its campaigns in France (1940), the Soviet Union (1941), and North Africa (1941/42) are regarded as acts of boldness. At the same time, the far-flung advances strained the Wehrmacht's capacity to the breaking point, culminating in the first major defeat in the Battle of Moscow (1941); by late 1942, Germany was losing the initiative in all theatres. The operational art was no match to the war-making abilities of the Allied coalition, making the Wehrmacht's weaknesses in strategy, doctrine, and logistics readily apparent.
Closely cooperating with the SS and the Einsatzgruppen, the German armed forces committed numerous war crimes and atrocities, despite later denials and promotion of the myth of the Clean Wehrmacht. The majority of the war crimes were committed in the Soviet Union, Poland, Yugoslavia, Greece and Italy, as part of the war of annihilation against the Soviet Union, the Holocaust and Nazi security warfare.
During the war about 18 million men served in the Wehrmacht. By the time the war ended in Europe in May 1945, German forces (consisting of the Army, Navy and Luftwaffe, the Waffen-SS, the Volkssturm and foreign collaborateur units) had lost approximately 11,300,000 men, about half of whom were missing or killed during the war. Only a few of the Wehrmacht's upper leadership were tried for war crimes, despite evidence suggesting that more were involved in illegal actions. The majority of the three million Wehrmacht soldiers who invaded the USSR participated in committing war crimes.
German Army Expansion 1933-1939
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlfcm7qTXEU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kg8JM3SUeSU
Panzers in Poland 1939 – Success, Failures & Losses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1BmJ_GF97w
Tanks
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCzmBWTzJTuGxckjx-oxH0JI
Tanks - Military History Visualized
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv0uEimc-uN_TnM1wHY2xX6RwdVA23BHX
Weapons 101 - Military History Visualized
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv0uEimc-uN-xmvYYHmcCSSZzPOEu0vEu
https://plus.google.com/103755316640704343614/posts/5iSxR5yBtzE
German Military History - Military History Visualized
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv0uEimc-uN86P9RyMisSISjirwnJbQso
Military History Visualized >> playlists
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK09g6gYGMvU-0x1VCF1hgA/playlists
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv0uEimc-uN-xmvYYHmcCSSZzPOEu0vEu
German Forces
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCz5u3tt0EG-o-5x6BiDMDQB
How to Pronounce German WW2 Units from the Panzer Lehr in Steel Division '44
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiQn4_PJfx4
German Forces - tb >> .
> Bundeswehr >>
German Ranks: Which rank commanded which Unit? > .
Kriegsmarine:
The Wehrmacht -- "Defence Force" -- was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1946. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force).
The designation Wehrmacht for Nazi Germany's military replaced the previously used term, Reichswehr (1919–35), and was the manifestation of Nazi Germany's efforts to rearm the nation to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht
Civilian deaths during the war include air raid deaths, estimates of German civilians killed only by Allied strategic bombing have ranged from around 350,000 to 500,000. Civilian deaths, due to the flight and expulsion of Germans and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union are disputed and range from 500,000 to over 2.0 million.
According to the German government Suchdienste (Search Service) there were 300,000 German victims (including Jews) of Nazi racial, political and religious persecution. This statistic does not include 200,000 German persons with mental and/or physical disabilities who were murdered in the Nazi euthanasia program.
WRNS - Wrens
Wrens - Royal Naval College Issue Title - How Time Flies ! (1940) > .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQtPKzAQWEM
WRENS, RNS - tb >> .
?search WRENS WW2? .
WRNS → degaussing > .
Women in the Military - watm >> .
> Manpower - Forces >>
WRNS - Wrens
The Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS; popularly and officially known as the Wrens) was the women's branch of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. First formed in 1917 for WW1, it was disbanded in 1919, then revived in 1939 at the beginning of WW2, remaining active until integrated into the Royal Navy in 1993. WRNs included cooks, clerks, wireless telegraphists, radar plotters, weapons analysts, range assessors, electricians and air mechanics.
WRNS was revived in 1939 at the beginning of WW2, with an expanded list of allowable activities, including flying transport planes. At its peak in 1944 it had 75,000 people. During the war there were 100 deaths. One of the slogans used in recruiting posters was "Join the Wrens—free a man for the fleet."
It remained in existence after the war and was finally integrated into the regular Royal Navy in 1993 when women were allowed to serve on board navy vessels as full members of the crew. In October 1990, during the Gulf War, HMS Brilliant allowed the first women to officially serve on an operational warship
Before 1993, all women in the Royal Navy were members of the WRNS except nurses, who joined (and still join) Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service, and medical and dental officers, who were commissioned directly into the Royal Navy, held RN ranks, and wore WRNS uniform with gold RN insignia. Female sailors are still known by the nicknames "wrens" or Jennies ("Jenny Wrens") in naval slang.
Ratings' titles were suffixed with their trade (e.g. Leading Wren Cook, Chief Wren Telegraphist).
Wrens wore the same rank insignia as their male equivalents, but in blue instead of gold. The "curls" atop officers' rank stripes were diamond-shaped instead of circular.
From 1939, Wren uniform consisted of a double-breasted jacket and skirt, with shirt and tie, for all ranks (although similar working dress to the men could also be worn). Junior Ratings wore hats similar to those of their male counterparts (although with a more sloping top). Senior Ratings (Petty Officers and above) and officers wore tricorne hats with a white cover. All insignia, including cap badges and non-substantive (trade) badges, were blue.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Royal_Naval_Service#Ranks_and_uniform .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Royal_Naval_Service .
WRNS - Wrens
The Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS; popularly and officially known as the Wrens) was the women's branch of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. First formed in 1917 for WW1, it was disbanded in 1919, then revived in 1939 at the beginning of WW2, remaining active until integrated into the Royal Navy in 1993. WRNs included cooks, clerks, wireless telegraphists, radar plotters, weapons analysts, range assessors, electricians and air mechanics.
WRNS was revived in 1939 at the beginning of WW2, with an expanded list of allowable activities, including flying transport planes. At its peak in 1944 it had 75,000 people. During the war there were 100 deaths. One of the slogans used in recruiting posters was "Join the Wrens—free a man for the fleet."
It remained in existence after the war and was finally integrated into the regular Royal Navy in 1993 when women were allowed to serve on board navy vessels as full members of the crew. In October 1990, during the Gulf War, HMS Brilliant allowed the first women to officially serve on an operational warship
Before 1993, all women in the Royal Navy were members of the WRNS except nurses, who joined (and still join) Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service, and medical and dental officers, who were commissioned directly into the Royal Navy, held RN ranks, and wore WRNS uniform with gold RN insignia. Female sailors are still known by the nicknames "wrens" or Jennies ("Jenny Wrens") in naval slang.
Ratings' titles were suffixed with their trade (e.g. Leading Wren Cook, Chief Wren Telegraphist).
Wrens wore the same rank insignia as their male equivalents, but in blue instead of gold. The "curls" atop officers' rank stripes were diamond-shaped instead of circular.
From 1939, Wren uniform consisted of a double-breasted jacket and skirt, with shirt and tie, for all ranks (although similar working dress to the men could also be worn). Junior Ratings wore hats similar to those of their male counterparts (although with a more sloping top). Senior Ratings (Petty Officers and above) and officers wore tricorne hats with a white cover. All insignia, including cap badges and non-substantive (trade) badges, were blue.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Royal_Naval_Service#Ranks_and_uniform .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Royal_Naval_Service .
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum
igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...
