Tuesday, February 16, 2016

Medical Refugees and the Modernisation of British Medicine, 1930–1960

Medical Refugees and the Modernisation of British Medicine, 1930–1960
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4496449/

Medical Texts (1858+) ..

""It was thus the threat of the Luftwaffe which compelled Britain — and London — to reorganise the hospital services. Many detailed and practical problems had to be sorted out and the London Voluntary Hospitals Committee became increasingly anxious that while the Ministry’s scheme was all right as far as it went, few staff had been allocated to the task; they had inadequate authority and virtually no money. On 1 February 1939 the Ministry wrote to the committee suggesting that as soon as the boundaries of the sectors had been announced, the voluntary hospitals should agree amongst themselves to nominate a doctor to work out the details of the scheme. The Ministry would approve the nomination formally and pay this group officer £100 per year for his services. The committee thought that this went nowhere far enough and on 7 February wrote to the Permanent Secretary pointing out that a detailed and intricate organisation would be necessary, with group officers who would have to be capable men, able to take command in time of war.

The committee made a series of proposals which it wished to see laid before the Minister and, if necessary, the Cabinet. Adverse comments appeared in the press which Sir Charles Wilson disavowed. The Minister took a month to reply, and rejected the suggestion of failure to take the situation seriously. Nevertheless, senior members of the teaching hospitals’ staff were soon appointed as the first medical sector officers, and in June 1939 house governors and matrons were nominated as lay sector officers and matrons. Financial arrangements were also made for the establishment of first-aid posts and the sandbagging of the hospitals.3

The Metropolitan Police District and the area within about forty miles of it was divided into ten sectors. The general aim was to establish first-aid and casualty sorting centres in the danger areas, providing enough treatment to fit casualties for a journey by ambulance to advance base hospitals. These were in presumably safer areas, with enough staff and equipment for operative treatment of the injured. Base hospitals to which patients could be moved for after-care were still further from the centre. Finally there was a group of less well equipped hospitals for convalescent and chronic cases. The sector officers began the task of surveying the strange assortment of mental asylums, public assistance institutions and other hospitals which were at their disposal. They considered plans for the evacuation of staff and students.4 Contact was established with Sir Frederick Menzies and other medical officers of health, and a map was published in The Lancet showing the arrangement of the sectors and the position of the advance base hospitals.5

Nine sectors radiated from an apex in the centre of London into the home counties, and were based on one or more of the teaching hospitals; the Essex sector was based upon hospitals in Stratford, Ilford and Romford. At their extremities the sectors included parts of Essex, Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Kent, Surrey and Berkshire which strictly belonged to other home defense regions — the regional organisational pattern established for military purposes.

http://www.nhshistory.net/ems_1939-1945.htm

St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry

Between the Wars, students at The London needing to complete a First MB (in Biology, Chemistry and Physics) attended Queen Mary College for a year before proceeding to Second MB at The London.

Women students were first admitted to both colleges following World War II."

"Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (previously St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry) was formed in 1995 by a merger of St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College and the London Hospital Medical College with Queen Mary and Westfield College, now known as Queen Mary, University of London."

"England's first medical school
The Medical College at The London Hospital, England's first medical school, opened in 1785, pioneering a new kind of medical education providing teaching in theory as well as clinical skills.

A purpose-built lecture theatre was constructed at St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1791 and in 1822 the Governors approved the provision of medical education within the Hospital. Later a residential college was established, which moved to premises at Charterhouse Square in the 1930s. At The London, larger premises, still in use in the present School of Medicine and Dentistry, were built in Turner Street in 1854.

In 1900 both medical colleges became constituent colleges of the University of London in the Faculty of Medicine.

The Dental School opened at The London in 1911, acquiring the new Dental Institute and expanding student numbers during the 1960s. Dental education developed during the 1970s, increasing the collaboration between dentists and other professionals.
http://www.smd.qmul.ac.uk/about/history/

Medical | Endell Street Military Hospital

source
Endell Street Military Hospital was a First World War military hospital located on Endell Street in Covent Garden, central London. This was the only hospital entirely staffed by suffragists (women who supported the introduction of votes for women).

The hospital was established during the First World War in May 1915 by Doctors Flora Murray and Louisa Garrett Anderson. Both women were former members of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), a militant organisation that campaigned for women's suffrage in the early twentieth century. The hospital was run under the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) of the British Army.

Medical Treatment in WW1 > .


[full >]

Medical Texts (1858+) ..

Medical Services

Angels of Mercy - WW1, WW2 > .
Medical Texts (1858+) ..

Nuffield gift of iron lungs > .
Emergency & Medical - WW2 - tb >> .
Student Nurse (1944) (32min) > .
https://vimeo.com/39475629 .
Videos of 30s surgery .


US military & STDs > .

Emergency & Medical - WW2 - tb >> .
Fire Services — NFS, AFS, LFB - tb >> .
>> Tony Blake >> .
>> Wellcome Library historic medical playlists >> .
War and medicine >> .
Anaesthesia >> .
Veterinary medicine >> .

1940 UK Blitz Hospital, Doctors and Nurses Treat Patients, WWII Archive Footage > .
1940 UK hospital, Blitz era, WWII, Injured Patients, Rare Archive Footage > .
1940 Blitz-era, UK Hospital Reception, Rare WWII Archive Footage > .
Civilian Blood transfusion (1941) > .


Military Documentaries - Timeline >> .

War Surgeons - Amputations WW1 > .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36GXIE7rvNs .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru0tfK8IodQ .

Innovations arising in WWI > .


War and peat: how bog moss helped save thousands of lives in World War I
https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-jtltuduy-djjiirdtlj-p/
Sphagnum moss made ideal field dressings for wounded soldiers.

World War I: the birth of plastic surgery and modern anaesthesia
https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-jtltuduy-djjiirdtlj-x/
Medical advances were the only positive things to come out of the Great War.

World War I: the forgotten housewives who helped win the battle on the home front
https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-jtltuduy-djjiirdtlj-b/
Battling shortages and rising food and fuel prices, housewives played a vital part in Britain's first experience of 'total war'.

How World War I changed British universities forever
https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-jtltuduy-djjiirdtlj-u/
Estimates suggest that Oxford lost 19% of those who served, Cambridge 18%, and Manchester and Glasgow 17%.

World War I: is it right to blame the Treaty of Versailles for the rise of Hitler?
https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-jtltuduy-djjiirdtlj-h/
The Treaty of Versailles is often named as the main cause of World War II. But this is an overly simple explanation.

Collecting herbs for pharmaceuticals > .
Meadowsweet, white willow bark -- ASA
Cleavers (goosegrass) -- infection, lymphatic stimulant
Drying herbs + > .
Sage
Foxglove - digitalis
Vitamin C – rosehips – syrup > .

Cultivated Rx - Healing Plants, Grow Your Own Medications - anth >> .
Plants - Medicinal & Toxic - BeSi >> .
Medicinal Foraging, Grow Your Own - Sav >> .
Edwardian Farm & Edwardian Country House >> .

WW2: nettles used for treatment of asthma > .

One stripe per year if pass Preliminary State Examination
Lectures inserted

The Lamp Still Burns (1943) > .

Nursing training > .

Recruiting for nursing assistance > .

The widespread acceptance of the germ theory of disease in the second half of the 19th century sparked a revolutionary change in the understanding of the vital role that microbes play in infectious diseases. Specific bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens were identified as the causative agents of many serious diseases, and a race immediately began to find effective means to attack these implicated microbes. Vaccines were deployed to prevent infectious disease by educating the host’s immune system with the attenuated or killed microbe of concern. However, they were not an effective remedy against acute infections. Chemical weaponry against bacterial diseases that could rapidly act alone or in concert with the host immune system to clear preexisting infections was discovered just before the turn of the 20th century. The German physician Paul Ehrlich investigated medicinal dyes that would specifically bind to and destroy pathogenic parasites and bacteria, but not harm the host. As the founder of modern chemotherapy, he sought after a “magic bullet” that could target the causative spirochete in syphilis, a devastating, widespread, and incurable disease, which was known since the Renaissance. In 1910, Ehrlich discovered the arsenic-containing chemical dye he eventually named Salvarsan. It was the first chemical compound shown to cure syphilis (Schwartz, Thoburn, Winau). Learn more about Paul Ehrlich in this short documentary.

WW1 
Medical Treatment in WW1 > .
A Fate Worse Than Death - Disfigured Veterans of WW1 - tgw > .  
The facial prosthetics of WW1 > .

Military Casualties


Canadian - Casualty Clearing Station > .
Newsreels (Canadian Army) > .

Antiseptic Surgery - Joseph Lister ..
Endell Street Military Hospital - WW1 ..

sī vīs pācem, parā bellum

igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum    therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...