History of Aircraft Carriers
Aircraft Carriers - From Kite Carriers to Conversions (1800-1928) > .
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The
Washington Naval Treaty, also known as the
Five-Power Treaty, was a treaty signed during
1922 among the major nations that had won
World War I, which agreed to prevent an
arms race by limiting naval construction. It was negotiated at the
Washington Naval Conference, held in
Washington, D.C., from
November 1921 to February 1922, and it was signed by the governments of the
United Kingdom, the
United States,
France,
Italy, and
Japan. It limited the construction of
battleships,
battlecruisers and
aircraft carriers by the signatories. The numbers of other categories of warships, including
cruisers,
destroyers and
submarines, were not limited by the treaty, but those ships were limited to 10,000 tons
displacement each.
The treaty was concluded on February 6, 1922. Ratifications of that treaty were exchanged in Washington on August 17,
1923, and it was registered in the
League of Nations Treaty Series on April 16,
1924.
Later naval arms limitation conferences sought additional limitations of warship building. The terms of the Washington treaty were modified by the
London Naval Treaty of
1930 and the
Second London Naval Treaty of
1936. By the
mid-1930s, Japan and Italy renounced the treaties, while
Germany renounced the Treaty of Versailles which had limited its navy. Naval arms limitation became increasingly difficult for the other signatories.
STOBAR ("
Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery" or "
Short Take-Off, Barrier Arrested Recovery") is a system used for the launch and recovery of aircraft from the deck of an
aircraft carrier, combining elements of "
short take-off and vertical landing" (
STOVL) with "
catapult-assisted take-off but arrested recovery" (
CATOBAR).
