Wednesday, September 26, 2018
Catapults - Aircraft Carriers
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STOBAR ("Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery" or "Short Take-Off, Barrier Arrested Recovery") is a system used for the launch and recovery of aircraft from the deck of an aircraft carrier, combining elements of "short take-off and vertical landing" (STOVL) with "catapult-assisted take-off but arrested recovery" (CATOBAR).
An aircraft catapult is a device used to launch aircraft from ships, most commonly used on aircraft carriers, as a form of assisted take off. It consists of a track built into the flight deck, below which is a large piston or shuttle that is attached through the track to the nose gear of the aircraft, or in some cases a wire rope, called a catapult bridle, is attached to the aircraft and the catapult shuttle. Different means have been used to propel the catapult, such as weight and derrick, gunpowder, flywheel, air pressure, hydraulic, and steam power. The U.S. Navy is developing the use of Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch Systems with the construction of the Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers. Catapulted aircraft land like conventional aircraft, sometimes with the help of arresting gear.
Aviation pioneer and Smithsonian Secretary Samuel Langley used a spring-operated catapult to launch his successful flying models and his failed aerodrome of 1903. Likewise the Wright Brothers beginning in 1904 used a weight and derrick styled catapult to assist their early aircraft with a takeoff in a limited distance.
On 31 July 1912, Theodore Gordon Ellyson became the first person to be launched from a U.S. Navy catapult system. The Navy had been perfecting a compressed-air catapult system and mounted it on the Santee Dock in Annapolis, Maryland. The first attempt nearly killed Lieutenant Ellyson when the plane left the ramp with its nose pointing upward and it caught a crosswind, pushing the plane into the water. Ellyson was able to escape from the wreckage unhurt. On 12 November 1912, Lt. Ellyson made history as the Navy's first successful catapult launch, from a stationary coal barge. On 5 November 1915, Lieutenant Commander Henry C. Mustin made the first catapult launch from a ship underway.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_catapult .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_aircraft_carrier .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_Aircraft_Launch_System .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski-jump_(aviation) .
CDG - Charles de Gaulle Carrier
24-3-8 Charles de Gaulle: Small Carrier Most Powerful Besides Supercarriers - nwyt > .
> French Armed Forces >>
Charles de Gaulle is the flagship of the French Navy. The ship, commissioned in 2001, is the tenth French aircraft carrier, the first French nuclear-powered surface vessel, and the only nuclear-powered carrier completed outside of the United States Navy. She is named after French president and general Charles de Gaulle.
The ship carries a complement of Dassault Rafale M and E-2C Hawkeye aircraft, AS365F Dauphin Pedro, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopters for combat search and rescue, as well as modern electronics and Aster missiles. She is a CATOBAR-type carrier that uses two 75 m (246 ft) C13‑3 steam catapults of a shorter version of the catapult system installed on the US Nimitz-class aircraft carriers, one at the bow and one at the waist. As of July 2021, Charles de Gaulle was the only non-American carrier-vessel that had a catapult launch system, which has allowed for operation of F/A-18E/F Super Hornets and C-2 Greyhounds of the United States Navy.
The French Navy is actively planning for a future aircraft carrier and new flagship. It is known in French as Porte-avions de nouvelle génération (PA-NG) for 'new generation aircraft carrier'. Construction of the PANG is expected to begin around 2031 and it is projected to enter service in about 2038; the year the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle is due to be retired. The ship will be nuclear-powered and will feature the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) and Advanced Arresting Gear (AAG).
Charles de Gaulle is the flagship of the French Navy. The ship, commissioned in 2001, is the tenth French aircraft carrier, the first French nuclear-powered surface vessel, and the only nuclear-powered carrier completed outside of the United States Navy. She is named after French president and general Charles de Gaulle.
The ship carries a complement of Dassault Rafale M and E-2C Hawkeye aircraft, AS365F Dauphin Pedro, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopters for combat search and rescue, as well as modern electronics and Aster missiles. She is a CATOBAR-type carrier that uses two 75 m (246 ft) C13‑3 steam catapults of a shorter version of the catapult system installed on the US Nimitz-class aircraft carriers, one at the bow and one at the waist. As of July 2021, Charles de Gaulle was the only non-American carrier-vessel that had a catapult launch system, which has allowed for operation of F/A-18E/F Super Hornets and C-2 Greyhounds of the United States Navy.
China's SSBNs
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21-8-13 Xina's Pursuit Force of Nuclear Armed Ballistic Missile Submarines - WotW > .24-5-19 Detection Advances vs Future of Ballistic, Attack Submarines - Perun > .
23-8-2 Xi's Anti-Corruption Purge of PLA Rocket Force | PLA structure - Digging > .
22-10-31 How could war between Xina & Taiwan play out? | Four Corners > .
22-4-20 Nuclear Defences - ROC Cold War 1, Ċold Ŵar 2 - mfp > .
22-3-27 Taiwan might extend military service b/o Beijing's sabre-rattling | ABC Aus > .
22-3-17 Russia’s Nuclear Arsenal, World’s Largest, Comparisons | WSJ > .
The 1930s and 40s were time a of great pain for the Chinese people. Exploited by nearly all of the great foreign powers for decades, its vast population were largely impoverished and with the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911 which had ruled the country since the mid-17th century, political instability broke the country up into factions. Then of course came the second world war, the Japanese occupation of China saw acts of brutality against the Chinese population that would be considered barbaric even by the standards of the dark ages. Then came Civil War, ending in 1949 when Mao Zedong emerged victorious and communism ruled the country. The newly founded People’s Republic of China found itself in a precarious position, however. Sapped by years of warfare and strife, the country was now at odds with an increasingly hostile United States that was dominated by an anti-communist mania. Remembering how the US defeated their great enemy Japan with atom bombs, Chairman Mao and the communists knew they needed an answer to America’s superweapons which were soon coming not just from the air but under the sea. In today’s episode of Wars of the World, we are going to look at the history of China’s efforts to develop the ultimate weapon. This is the story of China’s undersea dragons; its pursuit force of nuclear armed ballistic missile submarines or SSBNs.
22-2-6 Military deterrence - Anders > .
The 1930s and 40s were time a of great pain for the Chinese people. Exploited by nearly all of the great foreign powers for decades, its vast population were largely impoverished and with the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911 which had ruled the country since the mid-17th century, political instability broke the country up into factions. Then of course came the second world war, the Japanese occupation of China saw acts of brutality against the Chinese population that would be considered barbaric even by the standards of the dark ages. Then came Civil War, ending in 1949 when Mao Zedong emerged victorious and communism ruled the country. The newly founded People’s Republic of China found itself in a precarious position, however. Sapped by years of warfare and strife, the country was now at odds with an increasingly hostile United States that was dominated by an anti-communist mania. Remembering how the US defeated their great enemy Japan with atom bombs, Chairman Mao and the communists knew they needed an answer to America’s superweapons which were soon coming not just from the air but under the sea. In today’s episode of Wars of the World, we are going to look at the history of China’s efforts to develop the ultimate weapon. This is the story of China’s undersea dragons; its pursuit force of nuclear armed ballistic missile submarines or SSBNs.
Chokepoints - Royal Navy, Britain
23-3-10 Bumpy Rise of Indonesia - gtbt > . skip > .
22-10-11 Condeleeza Rice - Xina and Taiwan - Hoover > .
22-8-4 Situation Zoom: Pelosi Visits Taiwan | Goodfellows - Hoover > .
22-8-4 Nancy Peolosi’s trip ⇝ XXP and Xina-Taiwan relations - Lei > .
22-8-4 Nancy Peolosi’s trip ⇝ XXP and Xina-Taiwan relations - Lei > .
24-7-16 (Failed) Race For The Arctic - gtbt > .
24-7-1 P00ti lost Ruscia's Arctic dominance to Xina & Baltic NATO forces | Forces > .These are major British choke points today:
- The English Channel .
- GIUK gap (between Greenland, Iceland, and UK)
- Strait of Gibraltar .
The Fulda Gap was seen as one of the potentially decisive bottleneck battlegrounds of the Cold War in Germany.
Other chokepoints:
- Strait of Hormuz between Oman and Iran at the entrance to the Persian Gulf .
- Bab-el-Mandeb passage from the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea (Yemen and Socotra)
- Strait of Malacca between Malaysia and Indonesia .
- Panama Canal and the Panama Pipeline connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
- Suez Canal and the Sumed Pipeline connecting the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea (Egypt)
- Strait of Gibraltar along the Atlantic Ocean entering the Mediterranean Sea (Spain, Gibraltar and Morocco)
- Strait of Dover or English Channel separating the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea (England and France)
- Waterbodies connecting the Pacific and Atlantic oceans including:
- Strait of Magellan (Chile)
- Beagle Channel (Chile and Argentina)
- Drake Passage .
- The Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)
- Bering Strait (United States of America and Russia)
- Bosporus Strait linking the Black Sea (and oil coming from the Caspian Sea region) to the Mediterranean Sea (Turkey) .
- Dardanelles Strait connecting the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean Sea (Turkey)
- Strait of Tartary along Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk (Russia) .
Taiwan, ROC
ROC Armed Forces ..Taiwan ..
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum
igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...
