Shadow Factories

The Shadow Scheme > .

The Insane Engineering of the Spitfire - Real Engineering > .

Supermarine Spitfire | Effective WW2 Fighter Aircraft - HiHi > .

1906-3-15: Rolls-Royce Limited established in Britain > .

Merlin - Engine that won the war > .

Rolls-Royce & Merlin: Famous Fighters, Shadow Scheme > . skip ad to WWW2 > .

Rolls-Royce Merlin - one of the most important engines of WW2 > .

British Workers Who Secured Allied Victory In WW2 | War Factories | Timeline > .

Manufacturing UK '30+ - tb >> .

> Armaments Industry >> 

23-9-10 Industrial Competition & Consolidation, Military Procurement - Perun > .

23-9-8 Economics of Artillery Shells in the R-U War - nwyt > .

23-8-20 NATO's Rearmament & Spending - NATO's R-U Response - Perun > .

23-8-13 Game Theory Of Military Spending | EcEx > .

23-7-29 Why the US Military isn't Out of Ammo - T&P > .

British shadow factories were the outcome of the Shadow Scheme, a plan devised in 1935 and developed by the British Government in the buildup to World War II to try to meet the urgent need for more aircraft using technology transfer from the motor industry to implement additional manufacturing capacity.

The term 'shadow' was not intended to mean secrecy, but rather the protected environment they would receive by being staffed by all levels of skilled motor industry people alongside (in the shadow of) their own similar motor industry operations.

A directorate of Aeronautical Production was formed in March 1936 with responsibility for the manufacture of airframes as well as engines, associated equipment and armaments. The project was headed by Herbert Austin and developed by the Air Ministry under the internal project name of the Shadow Scheme. Sir Kingsley Wood took responsibility for the scheme in May 1938, on his appointment as Secretary of State for Air in place of Lord Swinton.

Many more factories were built as part of the dispersal scheme designed to reduce the risk of a total collapse of production if what would otherwise be a major facility were bombed. These were not shadow factories, though some now use that name believing shadow refers to attempts to achieve a level of secrecy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_shadow_factories .

https://disciplesofflight.com/supermarine-spitfire-shadow-factory-ww2/ .

Castle Bromwich, Spitfire factory
Great Machines 1930s - Supermarine Spitfire > .

23-12-24 Inner Workings of History's Deadliest War: Industry, Logistics - Front > .    

0:00 Detroit
10:44 Arctic Convoys
19:54 Philippines Logistics
33:55 Old Men in Sailing Boats
41:35 Japanese Plan to Defend Japan
50:25 British Plan to Defend Britain
1:00:45 Best Weapons
1:07:20 Worst Weapons
1:17:18 Panzer vs. Sherman
1:29:34 P-51 vs. Spitfire
1:36:51 USA Insane Projects
1:45:02 British Insane Projects
1:55:22 Soviet Insane Projects
02:06:02 German Last Ditch Projects
2:16:42 Long Range Bombing
2:40:12 Switzerland
2:49:36 Comfortable Prison Camps
2:59:38 Worst Prison Camps
3:09:29 Civilian Internment Camps the Front
3:18:21 Desert Logistics
3:38:14 How Humanity Rebuilt

Shermans - M3, M4s

M4 Sherman - The Workhorse of D-Day > .  

Shipbuilding Industry

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24-9-23 [Fewer US Shipyards vs Need to Boost Navy] - WSJ > .

24-9-9 US military shipbuilding crisis; Constellation frigate fiasco - Binkov > .

24-9-6 America's “Aircraft Carrier Shortage” Explained - nwyt > .

24-6-21 Xinese Naval Shipyards: Xina Outbuilds US - Eurasia NI > .

24-5-5 Xina Dominates World Shipbuilding in 2024 | Shipping > .

24-4-17 Xina’s $100B+ Shipbuilding Empire Dominates US's| WSJ > .

24-2-16 Can the US Navy Rebuild their Fleet? - T&P > .
23-10-20 Will Xina’s Naval Build-Up End US Navy's Hegemony? - gtbt > .

23-5-22 Top 15 Shipbuilders in 2022 - What is Going on With Shipping? > .

23-5-7 Xinese Naval Shipyards Overview: Forging Xinese Navy - Eurasia NI > .

23-1-23 Shipbuilding Forecast for 2023 - Shipping > .

22-2-23 Xinese navy exploding in numbers: PLAN vs USN - Binkov > .

AUKUS Shipbuilding 

24-3-29 Australia’s Navy set to double - Binkov > .

22-6-3 Steel In, Ships Out - BAE Aus > .

European Shipbuilding 

23-7-21 Under (financial) pressure: Royal Navy’s uncertain future - Binkov > .

23-3-20 Work begins to expand Glasgow naval shipbuilding yard - ukdj > .

22-12-10 Sad Fall of Glasgow Shipbuilding - Doverhill > .

Southeast Asian Shipbuilding

24-5-25 Japan's Navy 2024 - 2030 > .

24-6-12 Philippines - BPh > .

23-5-14 Rapid Rise of [South] Korean Shipbuilding - Asianometry > .

22-11-16 South Korea Pledges $2B To Support Shipbuilding | Shipping > .

24-8-14 Vietnam - BAs > .

American Merchant Marine - What is Going on With Shipping? >> .

Building Ships, Navies - Naval Gazing >> .

China's Military - Mil Pow >> .

Combat Fleets - U.S. Naval Institute >> .

Defence Economics - Perun >> .

Drowning Bear - Naval Gazing >> .

Eagle vs Dragon - Oriēns >> .

Evolution [Weaponry] Series - nwyt > .

Future Navy - Mil Pow >> .

Jones Act - What is Going on With Shipping? >> .

Maritime Industry Today - What is Going on With Shipping? >> .

MICs - Military Investment - Mil Pow >> .

Military Investment - Weighs 'n Means >> .

NATO Navies - Naval Gazing >> .

Naval & Maritime History - Shipping >> .

Naval Capabilities - Naval Gazing >> .

Naval Logistics - Mil Pow >> .

Nefarious PLAN - Oriēns >> .

PLAN - Naval Gazing >> .

RAN, AUKUS - Naval Gazing >> .

Russia's Military - Mil Pow >> .

Sea Dragon (PLAN) - Naval Gazing >> .

Shipbuilding Industry - Naval Gazing >> .

Ships - nwyt >> .

VMF - ВМФ - Naval Gazing >> .

Harland & Wolff, Shipbuilders, Belfast ..

Launching Ships ..

Marine Infrastructure ..

Ohio vs Borei ..

Shipbuilding Industry ..

Shipbuilding Industry & Procurement (21st) ↠
Shipping Industry ..

Warships - Evolution ..

Stereotypical German Efficiency

German efficiency: The roots of a stereotype: Germany has a reputation for getting things done in an efficient manner, despite evidence to the contrary. Efficiency has played an important historic role in Germany — though not always a positive one.

Efficiency can be defined as achieving the desired outcome with the least waste of resources. German efficiency is a persistent international stereotype. Efficiency is tightly intertwined with other German values, making it difficult to disentangle. The concept has historic roots and the perception of German efficiency has evolved. Germany's reputation for it stretches back centuries, and its roots are twofold:

Historian James Hawes, the author of The Shortest History of Germany, traces it back to medieval times when the western Rhineland became renowned abroad for commercial efficiency thanks to its production of highly specialized goods.

Prussia, the heavily Protestant eastern German state, was considered the source of a different type of efficiency: administrative and military. By 1750, under the rule of Fredrick the Great, Prussia had developed an efficient state bureaucracy and military power.

As Prussia expanded its control, eventually unifying the German Empire under its leadership in 1871, it spread these systems and practices. Its tax-based public schools and its professionalized army were also admired abroad for being organized and modern, with some foreign nations even seeking to institute similar models at home.

The 19th-century Prussian state also strategically cultivated a catalog of values for civil servants and the military, including punctuality, frugality, a sense of duty, and diligence, etc. While efficiency is not seen as having been a standalone value, the values that were espoused were aimed at supporting the desired efficient state.

These values came to be known as "preussische Tugenden," (Prussian virtues), though according to historian Julius Schoeps, founding director of the Moses Mendelssohn Center for European-Jewish Studies in Berlin, it took time for them to collectively establish themselves among the broader population — in the 19th century.

As British tourists began to visit Prussian-controlled Rhineland in the mid-19th century, they took back an image of Prussian wealth and expediency. According to Hawes, their reports often commented on how everything seemed to work: "The trains — the classic thing — the trains run on time. The customs man is quick. The hotels are clean, the water works," he said, summarizing their descriptions.

The dual strands of economic quality and an organized state kept the image of German efficiency alive into the 20th-century. By the 1930s, the idea of "Ordnung" — a mixture of rules and a no-nonsense approach that can theoretically contribute to efficiency — was Germany's international calling card. Time magazine placed then-President Paul von Hindenburg on its 1934 cover with the words "Ordnung muss sein" (There must be order,) while The New York Times had already called the phrase "world-famous" in 1930.

According to historian Schoeps, the Nazi party indeed co-opted particular so-called Prussian virtues, saying, "Confidence became arrogance, orderliness became mean-spirited pedantry, and the execution of one's duties became pure inhumanity". Ultimately, the so-called Prussian virtues may have helped maintain the totalitarian state under Nazi rule and its systematic murder.

Franklin Mixon, an economics professor specializing in labor and industrial organizations at Columbus State University, is the author of A Terrible Efficiency: Entrepreneurial Bureaucrats and the Nazi Holocaust. The book describes how efficient behavior was incentivized and rewarded within the large Nazi bureaucracy, often on a direct and informal basis — a contrast to the passive "just following orders" idea that still heavily dominates perceptions of how the Holocaust was carried out: "What they [the Nazis] were harnessing was incentivization, squeezing discretionary effort out of members of the bureaucracy, an above-and-beyond effort that is not part of the job description." 

Yet, although efficiency might be valued, it is far from reliably present in modern Germany. Examples of inefficiency abound, from the 9-year slog to build the new Berlin airport to a bureaucracy that is notoriously dependent on paper trails and fax machines to the country's recent struggles with sluggish COVID testing and a crawling vaccination process.

> Bundeswehr >>

Volkswagen Kübelwagen & Nazis

.American Jeep Vs German Kübelwagen: Truck Face-Off > .

War Factories - Krupp - History > .

VW Schwimmwagen - German Army's mass-produced amphibious car > .

Nazis' Amphibious Car of WWII: The Schwimmwagen - War > .

Industrialization - War & Peace - Means >> .

War Factories - atlatli >> .

Wartime Production - Mech >> .

Manufacturing UK '30+ - tb >> .

WW2 Factories US - tb >> .

German Aviation Industry ..

● Industrial Areas England ..

Volkswagen & Nazis ..

War Factories ..

The Volkswagen Kübelwagen (listen) (a back-formation as literally, 'tub' car), was a light military vehicle designed by Ferdinand Porsche and built by Volkswagen during World War 2 for use by the German military (both Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS). Based heavily on the Volkswagen Beetle, it was prototyped as the Type 62, but following improvements entered production as the Type 82.

Kübelwagen is a contraction of Kübelsitzwagen, meaning 'bucket-seat car' because all German light military vehicles that had no doors were fitted with bucket seats to prevent passengers from falling out. This body style had first been developed by Karosseriefabrik N. Trutz [de] in 1923. The first Porsche Type 62 test vehicles had no doors and were therefore fitted with bucket seats as Kübelsitzwagen, that was later shortened to Kübelwagen. Mercedes-Benz, Opel, and Tatra also built Kübelsitzwagen.

Its rolling chassis and mechanics were built at Stadt des KdF-Wagens (renamed Wolfsburg after 1945), and its body was built by U.S.-owned firm Ambi Budd Presswerke in Berlin. The Kübelwagen's role as a light military vehicle made it the German equivalent to the Allied Willys MB/Ford GP "Jeep" and the GAZ-67.

Volkswagen Beetle .
Volkswagen Schwimmwagen .
Volkswagen 181 .
FMC XR311 .
M151 ¼-ton 4×4 utility truck .
Steyr 50 .