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Thursday, April 11, 2019

Railways - WW1

Rail Infrastructure & Quintinshill, the Worst Railway Disaster in British History > .

Railroads played a critical role for the United Kingdom in the Great War. But the increased burden on the nation's railways had its cost. In the early morning hours of May 22, 1915, a crowded schedule resulted in the 1915 Quintinshill Rail Disaster, the worst railway disaster in British history. Its victims, mostly men of the 1/7 Royal Scots regiment, deserve to be remembered.

Rationing

Rationing in Britain > .
Living On Rations In WW2 | I Was There > .

>> Homefront WW2 >>>
World war II: The resource war - Extra History playlist >> .
War Rationing - UK >> .
War Rationing - UK - RodG >> .

WW2 Rations 1940: weekly, per one person (adult)

Butter: 50g (2oz)
Bacon or ham: 100g (4oz)
Margarine: 100g (4oz)
Cooking fat/lard: 100g (4oz)
Sugar: 225g (8oz).
Meat: To the value of 1/2d and sometimes 1/10d – about 1lb (450g) to 12ozs (350g)
Milk: 3 pints (1800ml) occasionally dropping to 2 pints (1200ml).
Cheese: 2oz (50g) rising to 8oz (225g)
Eggs: 1 fresh egg a week.
Tea: 50g (2oz).
Jam: 450g (1lb) every two months.
Dried eggs: 1 packet (12 eggs) every four weeks.
Sweets & Chocolate: 350g (12oz) every four weeks

http://www.lavenderandlovage.com/2012/11/the-wartime-kitchen-living-of-rations-with-ration-book-cooking-day-one.html .

https://www.cooksinfo.com/british-wartime-food/ .

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom .

Although food in Britain was rationed, it was in fact in plentiful supply. Whilst luxury items may have been more difficult to find, there was always sufficient bulk foods such as bread, potatoes and vegetables to make sure that the people did not go hungry. Britain did discriminate in favour of the armed service and industrial workers in terms of food supply, but this only accounted for 20 per cent of the population, and despite this there was still enough food supply for the remainder. This was coupled with the growth in dairy farming, and also the desire of the government to encourage individuals to open their own allotments and grow their own vegetables. As a result of German attacks against ships bringing foods to Britain, food imports of necessity fell, but home production increased, typified by the ‘dig for victory’ campaign.

https://reviews.history.ac.uk/review/1114 .

Food waste was identified as a problem in the UK as early as World War I.

During World War II, rationing was imposed almost immediately. Restrictions were immediately more stringent than in the Great War as with effect from 8 January 1940 ration books were issued and most foods were subject to ration. By August 1940, legislation was passed that made the wasting of food a prisonable offence. Posters encouraged kitchen waste to be used for feeding animals, primarily swine but also poultry.

Many of the methods suggested by current campaigns to prevent food waste have taken inspiration from those of World War II. Despite this, it remains debatable whether the waste campaigns and rationing, during and post WWII, achieved any long-term change in people's attitudes towards waste.
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Combating food waste was one of the initial goals of the Women's Institutes (WI), set up in 1915, and remains a subject of their campaigns. Rationing was adopted during World War I, although it was voluntary, from February 1917; it was only between December 1917 and February 1918 that rationing began, in stages, to be made compulsory. As well, there is no evidence to suggest that by 1918 fines were imposed on either individuals or businesses for wasting food. Meanwhile, in the USA (where shortages were hardly comparable), legislators considered laws restricting the distribution of food in order to cut waste, breaches of which might be punishable by fines or imprisonment.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_waste_in_the_United_Kingdom#History

Reducing Waste in Garden - ChDo > .

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vc-SOrhSDJE

Make Do & Mend
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4RpJcVs1VI

War Rationing
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUtmYhM_ZYPFRilIN01BGDDiXqLCG9M4Q

Supersizers > .

Recruiting women

Recruiting women
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xej9VdybF40
Wrens - Royal Naval College Issue Title - How Time Flies! (1940)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQtPKzAQWEM

W.R.N.S. At The Helm (1944)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyGWgHuI0C0

> Manpower - Forces >>

Women in the Military - watm >> .

Refugee Children Movement - 38-12-2

Kindertransport: A Journey to Life - BBCn > .

December 2nd 1938: Nearly a month after the infamous Kristallnacht, the Nazi November- pogrom in Germany, the first transport of Jewish refugee children from Berlin arrives in the United Kingdom. The number having been around 200 people in the beginning, the figures rose steadily in the years ahead. Between December 1938 and September 1939 a total of 10,000 children were taken in by the United Kingdom. These children not only came from Nazi Germany but also from Austria, Poland and Czechoslovakia. The so-called "Refugee Children Movement" was a desperate attempt to rescue at least part of the Jewish population before the Holocaust. Most of the evacuated children were to never see their parents again.

The Kindertransport (German for "children's transport") was an organised rescue effort that took place during the nine months prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. The United Kingdom took in nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Nazi Germany, Nazi-occupied Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland, and the Free City of Danzig. The children were placed in British foster homes, hostels, schools and farms. Often they were the only members of their families who survived the Holocaust. The programme was supported, publicised and encouraged by the British government. Importantly the British government waived all those visa immigration requirements which were not within the ability of the British Jewish community to fulfil. The British government put no number limit on the programme – it was the start of World War II that brought the programme to an end, at which time about 10,000 kindertransport children had been brought to the United Kingdom.

The term "kindertransport" is also sometimes used for the rescue of mainly Jewish children, but without their parents, from Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia to the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An example is the 1,000 Chateau de La Hille children who went to Belgium. However, often, the "kindertransport" is used to refer to the organised programme to the United Kingdom.

World Jewish Relief (then called the Central British Fund for German Jewry) was established in 1933 to support in whatever way possible the needs of Jews both in Germany and Austria. Records for many of the children who arrived in the UK through the Kindertransports are maintained by World Jewish Relief.

The British Kindertransport programme was unique – no other country had a similar programme. In the United States, the Wagner–Rogers Bill was introduced in Congress, but due to much [xenophobic] opposition, it never left committee.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindertransport .

What was Kindertransport? BBC.

Kindertransport ..

Regency Town House

The Regency Town House was built on what had already become the traditional layout for town houses. The domestic offices for the servants were in the basement, the formal rooms were on the ground and first floors and the bedrooms on the floors above. Due to higher land prices in towns, even large houses tended to be built upwards on long, narrow plots. At the back of the house there was a coach house, stable block and quarters for the coachmen and grooms.

A tour of the Regency Town House | The Regency Town House

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