⧫ USSR, Soviets - Cold War 1 ..
Cold War 1
Trade
Saturday, January 31, 2015
● Post-Soviet ◊
⧫ Russia, Former USSR - Geoeconomics ..
⧫ Russia, Former USSR - Geopolitics ..
⧫ Russia, USSR - History ..
Ċold Ŵar 2
⧫ China ⇔ Russia ..
⧫ NATO, Europe ⇔ Russia ..
⧫ Russia ⇔ USA ..
Demographic Crisis
Ruscia's Demographic Crisis ..
Oppression
Железный занавес - Iron Curtain ..
Politics
Political Economics ..
Politics of Interdependence ..
Politisizing Adam Smith ..
⧫ Russia, Former USSR - Geopolitics ..
⧫ Russia, USSR - History ..
Ċold Ŵar 2
⧫ China ⇔ Russia ..
⧫ NATO, Europe ⇔ Russia ..
⧫ Russia ⇔ USA ..
Demographic Crisis
Ruscia's Demographic Crisis ..
Oppression
Железный занавес - Iron Curtain ..
Politics
Political Economics ..
Politics of Interdependence ..
Politisizing Adam Smith ..
Tuesday, January 27, 2015
Belarus vs Russia
20-10-16 When Belarus tried to take over Russia - CaRe > . skip ad > .
22-12-30 Suwalki Gap: NATO's Weakest Point? | BFBS > .
22-7-17 Putin's feeble ally - Could Belarus successfully invade Ukraine (nah) - Perun > .
22-7-5 Kaliningrad Stand-Off - Lithuania vs Russia - gtbt > .
22-7-5 Kaliningrad Stand-Off - Lithuania vs Russia - gtbt > .
21-12-14 Belarus Against Europe - RealLifeLore > .
Proxy War
23-8-19 Art of War: Proxy Warfare - Warographics > . skip > .
> Kaliningrad >> Ruscia's Semi-Exclave
25-4-5 Kaliningrad: Ruscian Semi-Exclave threatening West | Mapped Out - DW > .21-6-26 Lukashenko losing grip on Belarus? - Into > .
21-4-30 Is Russia Becoming Irrelevant? - CoCa > .
Geostrategic Projection
Black Sea Geopolitics
Monday, January 26, 2015
China-Russia Alliance?
22-10-27 Xina is "Pretty Much Screwed" - laowhy86 > .
2017 A Chinese-Russian alliance: tRUMP's Nightmare? - VisPol > .24-5-29 Hainan Island & Xina's Massive Naval Expansion | WSJ > .
Proxy War
23-8-19 Art of War: Proxy Warfare - Warographics > . skip > .
2021 - Russia - Bal Pow >> .
2021 - Europe, EU - Bal Pow >> .2021 - Rivalries Prompt Alliances - Bal Pow >> .2021 - USA = failing democracy? - Bal Pow >> .
>> Bal Pow >>
Crimea Crises
1950s Origins of the Crimean Crisis - Cold War > .
23-8-31 P00ti’s Black Sea blockade is a sham | Defence in Depth - Telegraph > .
23-8-20 Naval Drones | New Unmanned Warfare Capabilities (subs) - Katz > .
23-8-10 AFU sea drones work - Physics & PsychOp vs Ruscian fleet | Tele > .
23-8-6 Turkish Strategy & R-U War - Arms, Drones, Economics - Perun > . skip > .
22-7-21 Why Every NATO Member Joined (Why Others Haven't) - Spaniel > .
22-1-27 Kazakhstan & Ukraine: Russia's Political and Military Manipulations - VP > .
22-1-10 Why Ukraine is Not a NATO Member - NATO > .
Crimea (Крым, tr. Krym; Крим, Krym; Къырым, Kirim/Qırım; Κιμμερία/Ταυρική, Kimmería/Taurikḗ) is a peninsula located on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe that is almost completely surrounded by both the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the northeast. Crimea is located south of the Ukrainian region of Kherson, to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop, and west of the Russian region of Kuban, from which it is separated by the Strait of Kerch though linked by the Crimean Bridge since 2018. The Arabat Spit is located to the northeast, a narrow strip of land that separates a system of lagoons named Sivash from the Sea of Azov. Across the Black Sea to its west is Romania, and to its south, Turkey.
In 1783, Crimea was annexed by the Russian Empire as the result of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Crimea became an autonomous republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the USSR. During World War II, Crimea was downgraded to the Crimean Oblast after its entire indigenous population, the Crimean Tatars, were deported to Central Asia, an act recognized as a genocide by Ukraine and three other countries. In 1954, it was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR from the Russian SFSR.[5]
With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine was reestablished as an independent state in 1991, and most of the peninsula was reorganized as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, while the city of Sevastopol retained its special status within Ukraine. The 1997 Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet partitioned the former Soviet Black Sea Fleet and allowed Russia to continue basing its fleet in Crimea: both the Ukrainian Naval Forces and Russian's Black Sea Fleet were to be headquartered in Sevastopol. Ukraine extended Russia's lease of the naval facilities under the 2010 Kharkiv Pact in exchange for further discounted natural gas.
In February 2014, following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution that ousted the Ukrainian President, Viktor Yanukovych, Russia annexed Crimea after a military intervention by pro-Russian separatists and Russian Armed Forces. A controversial Crimea-wide referendum, illegal under the Ukrainian and Crimean constitutions, was held on the issue of reunification with Russia; its official results showed over 90% support for reunification, however, the vote was boycotted by many loyal to Ukraine and declared illegitimate by Western governments and the United Nations. Russia formally annexed Crimea on 18 March 2014, incorporating the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol as the 84th and 85th federal subjects of Russia. The status of Crimea is disputed. It is claimed by Ukraine and recognized as Ukrainian by the United Nations and most other countries.
"Eastern Europe"
Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Poland, NATO - Compass >> .
Crimea Crisis ..
Ruscism ..
- Ancient history .
- Medieval history .
- Mongol Conquest (1238–1449) .
- Crimean Khanate (1449–1783) .
- Russian Empire (1783–1917) .
- Russian Civil War (1917–1921) .
- Soviet Union (1921–1991) .
- Autonomy in Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1921–1944) .
- Region in Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1945–1954) .
- Region in Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1954–1991) .
- Ukrainian Republic (de jure since 1991, de facto 1991–2014) .
- Russian Federation (de facto since 2014) .
In 1783, Crimea was annexed by the Russian Empire as the result of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Crimea became an autonomous republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the USSR. During World War II, Crimea was downgraded to the Crimean Oblast after its entire indigenous population, the Crimean Tatars, were deported to Central Asia, an act recognized as a genocide by Ukraine and three other countries. In 1954, it was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR from the Russian SFSR.[5]
With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine was reestablished as an independent state in 1991, and most of the peninsula was reorganized as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, while the city of Sevastopol retained its special status within Ukraine. The 1997 Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet partitioned the former Soviet Black Sea Fleet and allowed Russia to continue basing its fleet in Crimea: both the Ukrainian Naval Forces and Russian's Black Sea Fleet were to be headquartered in Sevastopol. Ukraine extended Russia's lease of the naval facilities under the 2010 Kharkiv Pact in exchange for further discounted natural gas.
In February 2014, following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution that ousted the Ukrainian President, Viktor Yanukovych, Russia annexed Crimea after a military intervention by pro-Russian separatists and Russian Armed Forces. A controversial Crimea-wide referendum, illegal under the Ukrainian and Crimean constitutions, was held on the issue of reunification with Russia; its official results showed over 90% support for reunification, however, the vote was boycotted by many loyal to Ukraine and declared illegitimate by Western governments and the United Nations. Russia formally annexed Crimea on 18 March 2014, incorporating the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol as the 84th and 85th federal subjects of Russia. The status of Crimea is disputed. It is claimed by Ukraine and recognized as Ukrainian by the United Nations and most other countries.
Saturday, January 24, 2015
Europe's Three Seas Initiative
Baltic-Carpathian Alliance (Intermarium 2.0)
Black Sea & Russia-Turkey Conflicts > .
Poland's strategy of the Intermarium > .
---
"Eastern Europe"
> EuM - European Defense >> EU Army?
> Kaliningrad >> Ruscia's Semi-Exclave
25-4-5 Kaliningrad: Ruscian Semi-Exclave threatening West | Mapped Out - DW > .---
24-3-14 German-Polish Tensions - Modern > .
23-12-23 Why Poland is Divided - Present Past > .
22-12-30 Suwalki Gap: NATO's Weakest Point? | BFBS > .
22-10-14 HUNGARY | The West's Enemy Within? - J K-L > .
21-7-14 Lithuania accuses Belarus of using refugees as 'political weapon' - BBC > .
21-6-26 Lukashenko losing grip on Belarus? - Into > .
Russia has regained much of its ability to project power abroad, but twelve nations in East Europe are designing a deterrence known as Three Seas (launched in 2015 by Croatian and Polish policymakers).
---
The Three Seas Initiative (3SI, TSI, I3M), also known as the Baltic, Adriatic, Black Sea (BABS) Initiative, or simply the Three Seas, is a forum of twelve states in the European Union, located in Central and Eastern Europe. The combined area connects the Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea. The initiative aims to create a regional dialogue on a variety of questions affecting the member states. The twelve members met for their first summit in 2016, in Dubrovnik.
The Three Seas Initiative has twelve member states along a north–south axis from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea: Austria#, Bulgaria*, Croatia*, Czech Republic*, Estonia*, Hungary*, Latvia*, Lithuania*, Poland*, Romania*, Slovakia* and Slovenia*. [* = NATO member; # = NATO partner]
The initiative held its first summit in Dubrovnik on 25–26 August 2016. The two-day event ended with a declaration of co-operation in economic matters, particularly in the field of energy as well as transport and communications infrastructure.
---
Intermarium (Polish: Międzymorze; Ukrainian: Міжмор'я, Belarusian: Міжмор’е) was a geopolitical project conceived by politicians in successor states of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in several iterations, some of which anticipated the inclusion as well of other, neighboring states. The proposed multinational polity would have extended across territories lying between the Baltic, Black and Adriatic Seas, hence the Latinate name Intermarium, meaning "Between-Seas".
Prospectively a federation of Central and Eastern European countries, the post-World War I Intermarium plan pursued by Polish leader and former political prisoner of the Russian Empire, Józef Piłsudski (1867–1935), sought to recruit to the proposed federation the Baltic states (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia), Finland, Belarus, Ukraine, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. The Polish name Międzymorze (from między, "between"; and morze, "sea"), meaning "Between-Seas", was rendered into Latin as "Intermarium."
The proposed federation was meant to emulate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea, that, from the end of the 16th century to the end of the 18th, had united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Intermarium complemented Piłsudski's other geopolitical vision—Prometheism, whose goal was the dismemberment of the Russian Empire and that Empire's divestment of its territorial acquisitions.
Intermarium was, however, perceived by some Lithuanians as a threat to their newly established independence, and by some Ukrainians as a threat to their aspirations for independence, and while France backed the proposal, it was opposed by Russia and by most other Western powers. Within two decades of the failure of Piłsudski's grand scheme, all the countries that he had viewed as candidates for membership in the Intermarium federation had fallen to the Soviet Union or Nazi Germany, except for Finland (which suffered some territorial losses in the 1939–40 Winter War with the Soviet Union).
21-4-30 Is Russia Becoming Irrelevant? - CoCa > .
21-12-14 Belarus Against Europe - RealLifeLore > .
2021 Putin & Belarus? | Tim Marshall re Ryan Air Kidnapping > .
21-7-2 Lukashenko closes Belarusian borders over [probably invented] "planned coup".
21-7-2 Lukashenko closes Belarusian borders over [probably invented] "planned coup".
Geostrategic Projection
Black Sea - Operation Sea Breeze (NATO 2021) ..EU 2023 ..
NATO
Funding NATO ..
Russia has regained much of its ability to project power abroad, but twelve nations in East Europe are designing a deterrence known as Three Seas (launched in 2015 by Croatian and Polish policymakers).
---
The Three Seas Initiative (3SI, TSI, I3M), also known as the Baltic, Adriatic, Black Sea (BABS) Initiative, or simply the Three Seas, is a forum of twelve states in the European Union, located in Central and Eastern Europe. The combined area connects the Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea. The initiative aims to create a regional dialogue on a variety of questions affecting the member states. The twelve members met for their first summit in 2016, in Dubrovnik.
The Three Seas Initiative has twelve member states along a north–south axis from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea: Austria#, Bulgaria*, Croatia*, Czech Republic*, Estonia*, Hungary*, Latvia*, Lithuania*, Poland*, Romania*, Slovakia* and Slovenia*. [* = NATO member; # = NATO partner]
---
Intermarium (Polish: Międzymorze; Ukrainian: Міжмор'я, Belarusian: Міжмор’е) was a geopolitical project conceived by politicians in successor states of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in several iterations, some of which anticipated the inclusion as well of other, neighboring states. The proposed multinational polity would have extended across territories lying between the Baltic, Black and Adriatic Seas, hence the Latinate name Intermarium, meaning "Between-Seas".
Prospectively a federation of Central and Eastern European countries, the post-World War I Intermarium plan pursued by Polish leader and former political prisoner of the Russian Empire, Józef Piłsudski (1867–1935), sought to recruit to the proposed federation the Baltic states (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia), Finland, Belarus, Ukraine, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. The Polish name Międzymorze (from między, "between"; and morze, "sea"), meaning "Between-Seas", was rendered into Latin as "Intermarium."
The proposed federation was meant to emulate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea, that, from the end of the 16th century to the end of the 18th, had united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Intermarium complemented Piłsudski's other geopolitical vision—Prometheism, whose goal was the dismemberment of the Russian Empire and that Empire's divestment of its territorial acquisitions.
Intermarium was, however, perceived by some Lithuanians as a threat to their newly established independence, and by some Ukrainians as a threat to their aspirations for independence, and while France backed the proposal, it was opposed by Russia and by most other Western powers. Within two decades of the failure of Piłsudski's grand scheme, all the countries that he had viewed as candidates for membership in the Intermarium federation had fallen to the Soviet Union or Nazi Germany, except for Finland (which suffered some territorial losses in the 1939–40 Winter War with the Soviet Union).
Europe's Three Seas Initiative ..
Turkey versus Greece - Mediterranean O&G ..
Turkey versus Greece - Mediterranean O&G ..
Thursday, January 22, 2015
Geographic Challenge - Russia
.
Russia's Geographic Benefits & Challenges - Geek > .24-1-9 Volga River - History, Importance; Volga-Don Canal - Animation > .
22-12-14 Failing, Backfiring Ruscist Poopaganda (subs) - Katz > .
Sunday, January 18, 2015
Kaliningrad
2020 Kaliningrad, Russian Military Base within Europe - VisPol > .
25-1-8 Lithuania: [Baltics & European Security] | Landsbergis, HR McM > .
24-5-25 [Ruscia stripping Kaliningrad of defensive weaponry] - OBF > .
24-3-28 Reasons Lithuanians Dislike Ruscians (Konstantin) - Explained > .
23-10-28 Poland's military dream: A tank too far? - Geo Perspective > .
23-10-23 Poland Must Defend Ukraine against Historical Rival: Russia - GeoP > .
23-10-8 Could Poland Become Next Germany? | EcEx > .
23-10-6 Poland orders US HIMARS & SK Chunmoo systems - Binkov > .
23-8-31 Poland: powerhouse in the making - Caspian > .
22-11-27 Polish military modernisation & buying Korean kit - Perun > .
22-10-7 What If Pootin Nukes Ukraine? - OBF > .
22-8-6 Kaliningrad: russian thorn in NATO's side - Nova Lectio > .
22-7-22 Poland could become strongest land force in the EU - Binkov > .
22-7-21 How the economy of Russia is dying (English subtitles) - Максим Кац > .
22-7-5 Kaliningrad Stand-Off - Lithuania vs Russia - gtbt > .
22-6-28 Jacek Bartosiak - Kaliningrad, Suwalki Gap - Ruscia, Poland, Ukraine - S&F > .
22-6-24 Russia's Kaliningrad Problem with Lithuania = Ukraine 2.0-ish - Spaniel > .
22-6-21 Kaliningrad at center of dispute between Russia and Lithuania | DW > .
22-6-21 Lithuania enforces sanctions on Ruscist shipments to Kaliningrad - Denys > .
Kaliningrad - Калининград - Present Tense >> .
> Kaliningrad >> Ruscia's Semi-Exclave
25-4-5 Kaliningrad: Ruscian Semi-Exclave threatening West | Mapped Out - DW > .24-3-14 German-Polish Tensions - Modern > .
Poland & Hinterland - CoRo >> .
Kaliningrad is a historical rarity. This piece of land which was called Königsberg until 1945, ended up becoming a kind of Russian island in the middle of the European Union. A small semi-exclave surrounded on land, sea, and air by NATO territories but which has nevertheless become Russia's largest military base and the spearhead of Vladimir Putin's policy of pressure on Europe.
Nearly 20,000 soldiers, an entire fleet, almost 200 warplanes, and helicopters and more than 800 tanks form just one part of its huge war inventory. Even more dangerously, since 2014 Russia has deployed its powerful Iskander missiles on this territory. Tactical missiles with nuclear capability and whose launch systems are capable of attacking simultaneously with 32 such missiles in a single salvo.
In other words, Putin could launch dozens of nuclear warheads from Kaliningrad against NATO positions that would barely have time to react. The Iskander missiles are considered one of the critical systems in Russia's powerful nuclear deterrent arsenal. And now, for the first time in decades, such systems are deployed in the heart of Europe.
Geostrategic Projection
European Geostrategic Projection ..Nearly 20,000 soldiers, an entire fleet, almost 200 warplanes, and helicopters and more than 800 tanks form just one part of its huge war inventory. Even more dangerously, since 2014 Russia has deployed its powerful Iskander missiles on this territory. Tactical missiles with nuclear capability and whose launch systems are capable of attacking simultaneously with 32 such missiles in a single salvo.
In other words, Putin could launch dozens of nuclear warheads from Kaliningrad against NATO positions that would barely have time to react. The Iskander missiles are considered one of the critical systems in Russia's powerful nuclear deterrent arsenal. And now, for the first time in decades, such systems are deployed in the heart of Europe.
Kazakhstan
.
24-8-14 History & Geopolitics of Oil - gtbt > .
24-6-28 Booming Demographics of Kazakhstan - KaiserBauch > .23-1-10 1st anniversary of Elbasy’s ousting. Lessons for Pootin - Katz > .Commonwealth of Independent States
24-8-24 [XiR: US~Xina Ċold Ŵar?] - PolyMatter > .
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country mainly located in Central Asia with a smaller portion west of the Ural River in Eastern Europe. It covers a land area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi), and shares land borders with Russia in the north, China in the east, and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan in the south while also adjoining a large part of the Caspian Sea in the southwest. Kazakhstan does not border Mongolia, although they are only 37 kilometers apart, separated by a short portion of the border between Russia and China.
Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth-largest country in the world. It has a population of 18.8 million residents, and has one of the lowest population densities in the world, at fewer than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). Since 1997, the capital is Nur-Sultan, formerly known as Astana. It was moved from Almaty, the country's largest city.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires. In antiquity, the nomadic Scythians inhabited the land and the Persian Achaemenid Empire expanded towards the southern territory of the modern country. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as the First and Second Turkic Khaganates, have inhabited the country throughout its history. In the 13th century, the territory was subjugated by the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jüz. The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union. Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Human rights organisations have described the Kazakh government as authoritarian, and regularly describe Kazakhstan's human rights situation as poor.
Kazakhstan is the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil and gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources, and is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations (UN), WTO, CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Eurasian Economic Union, CSTO, OSCE, OIC, CCTS, the Turkic Council and TURKSOY.
00:00 Intro
00:55 Balancing Autocrat04:40 Power Struggle
09:18 International Police Force
18:10 Outro
Comment:
This video is interesting because it mentions the realities involving Kazakhstan and getting rid of the western lens of how people in the US and Europe see the world and events. Though one thing I would like to add is even though recently China has become important for investments into Kazakhstan it must be made clear that Kazakhstan along with the rest of central Asia is firmly in Moscow's grip. Russia has military bases in these countries and helps to facilitate the corruption in each of them to maintain it's influence. China doesn't come close to having this influence. Though that doesn't mean in the future they will [not] try to usurp Russia's position in the region
This video is interesting because it mentions the realities involving Kazakhstan and getting rid of the western lens of how people in the US and Europe see the world and events. Though one thing I would like to add is even though recently China has become important for investments into Kazakhstan it must be made clear that Kazakhstan along with the rest of central Asia is firmly in Moscow's grip. Russia has military bases in these countries and helps to facilitate the corruption in each of them to maintain it's influence. China doesn't come close to having this influence. Though that doesn't mean in the future they will [not] try to usurp Russia's position in the region
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum
igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...
