Friday, June 26, 2020

CCP's Naval Ambitions - PLAN

Xina's amphbious challenges 












The People's Liberation Army Navy, also known as the Chinese Navy, PLA Navy or PLAN, is the naval warfare branch of the People's Liberation Army, the armed wing of the Communist Party of China and, by default, the national armed forces of China. The PLAN traces its lineage to naval units fighting during the Chinese Civil War and was established on 23 April 1949. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, the Soviet Union provided assistance to the PLAN in the form of naval advisers and export of equipment and technology. Until the late 1980s, the PLAN was largely a riverine and littoral force (brown-water navy). However, by the 1990s, following the fall of the Soviet Union and a shift towards a more forward-oriented foreign and security policy, the leaders of the Chinese military were freed from worrying over land border disputes. Having traditionally been subordinated to the PLA Ground Force, PLAN leaders were able to advocate for a renewed attention towards the seas.

In 2008, China confirmed plans to operate a small fleet of aircraft carriers in the near future, but for the purpose of regional defence as opposed to "global reach". By 2009, with the advancements in naval technology, the PLAN was recognized to have reached the status of a green-water navy. Chinese military officials have also outlined plans to operate in the first and second island chains, and are working towards blue water capability. Chinese strategists term the development of the PLAN from a green-water navy into "a regional blue-water defensive and offensive navy."

The PLAN continues its expansion into the 2020s, increasing its operational capacity, commissioning new ships, and constructing naval facilities. Observers note that the PLAN's ongoing modernization is intended to build up the Chinese surface fleet and fix existing issues that limit the capability of the PLAN. Observers have noted that the PLAN's expansion will allow it to project Chinese power in the South China Sea and allow for the navy to counter the USN's operations in Asia.

The People's Liberation Army Navy is composed of five branches; the Submarine Force, the Surface Force, the Coastal Defense Force, the Marine Corps and the Naval Air Force. With a personnel strength of 240,000 personnel, including 15,000 marines and 26,000 naval air force personnel, it is the second largest navy in the world in terms of tonnage, only behind the United States Navy, and has the largest number of major combatants of any navy.

The Republic of China Navy (ROCN), also retroactively known as the Chinese Navy and commonly known as the Taiwanese Navy is the maritime branch of the Republic of China Armed Forces on Taiwan.

The ROC Navy's primary mission is to defend ROC territories and the sea lanes that surround Taiwan against a blockade, attack, or possible invasion by the People's Liberation Army Navy of the People's Republic of China. Operations include maritime patrols in the Taiwan Strait and surrounding waters, as well as counter-strike and counter-invasion operations during wartime. The Republic of China Marine Corps functions as a branch of the Navy.

The ship prefix for ROCN combatants is ROCS (Republic of China Ship); an older usage is CNS (Chinese Navy Ship).

The defence ministry said the aircraft, including nuclear-capable bombers, entered its air defence identification zone (ADIZ) in two waves. Taiwan responded by scrambling its jets and deploying missile systems. China sees democratic Taiwan as a breakaway province, but Taiwan sees itself as a sovereign state. Taiwan has been complaining for more than a year about repeated missions by China's air force near the island.

CCP's pragmatic preparations for global dominance

Remember that, despite his stated ambitions in Mein Kampf (1925), Hitler told [lied to] Chamberlain's appeaser-laden government that he wanted peace ...

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Xinese propaganda regarding question of Thucydides' Trap > .
24-9-29 India and Xina on verge of teaming up? | ABC Aus > .
23-10-25 Understanding NoXious World (Dis)Order - Kotkin | Hoover > .
23-10-24 [PooXi, P00ti Secrets at BRI Forum: NoXious World Order - Insight > .
23-10-20 Xina's PLAN Expansion vs USN's Hegemony - gtbt > . skip > .
23-10-15 [NoXious Suppression of Autocratic Regime's Fodder] - serpentza > .
23-9-29 Decoding P00ti-PooXi blueprint for NoXious World Order | DW > .
23-9-28 China's Military History; Why Xina Is Not A Military Power - ModHi > .
23-9-25 Xi's Transforming Xina [for the worse] - Xina's Changing Trajectory - Dig > .
23-9-18 Xina Threat: India Aims to Upgrade Defences | Palki Sharma > .
23-9-16 "Belt & Road to Death" - [XiXiP targeted corrupt governments] - Obs > .
23-8-2 Xi's Anti-Corruption Purge of PLA Rocket Force | PLA structure - Digging > .
23-5-31 Xina is Backstabbing Ruscia - Uncensored > .
23-2-22 US Bases & Philippine Fight Against Xina - T&P > .
23-1-23 Xina’s Two-Year Tech Crackdown Winds Up | WSJ > .
23-1-22 Politics Can Destroy Armies: Factionalism & R-U War - Perun > .
23-1-20 Xi's Biggest Errors - Kevin Rudd | Update > .
22-11-1 "Overreach" | Susan Shirk, Kevin Rudd | Asia Society > .
22-10-18 Xi absolute power through Party Constitution and XXP princelings - Lei > .
22-10-9 "Overreach: How China Derailed Its Peaceful Rise" | Susan Shirk - CU > .
22-10-1 Xina Battles US [Aus] for Control of Pacific Islands - Uncensored > .
22-8-25 Xi vs Li: Xina’s dual-leadership after the 20th Party Congress? - Lei > .
22-8-3 Housing Crisis Pulls Down China’s Huge Steel Industry | Pelosi | Update > .
22-7-28 Have Mao and Deng predicted XXP's downfall? Untold history of China - Lei > .
Thucydides' Trap - Praeparet >> .
Geostrategy of the Peloponnesian War w/CaRe - StSt >> .
Peloponnesian War & Thucydides - Philomath >> .
Up Xit Creak [sic] - Present Tense >> .

"China Global Television Network [China's RT], or CGTN, is a multi-language, multi-platform media grouping (owned and operated by China Central Television (CCTV), a state-controlled media organization in China). It consists of six TV channels – including a 24-hour English-language news channel – a video content provider and a digital media division."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network .


NATO & US treaties post-WW2 - Vox > .
Taking lessons from a historical pattern called "Thucydides's Trap," political scientist Graham Allison shows why a rising China and a dominant United States could be headed towards a violent collision no one wants -- and how we can summon the common sense and courage to avoid it.

Thucydides's Trap Case File (Harvard)

"Reviewing the past five hundred years, the Harvard Thucydides’s Trap Project has identified sixteen cases in which a major rising power has threatened to displace a major ruling power. Twelve of these sixteen rivalries ended in war.

The Thucydides’s Trap Case File presents summaries of all sixteen cases, which are featured in Graham Allison's new book Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides's Trap? Using the cases, Allison illustrates how tension between rising and ruling powers has often led to war—while also showing how war was avoided in the four rivalries that did not end in violence."

Chiang vs Mao

China versus Taiwan

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Amphibious Challenges ..  Amphibious 21st & RoRo Ferries
23-12-11 Taiwan, Kinmen (Quemoy), XiXiP Geopolitical Dance | NYT > .
23-2-28 Xina & ROC war prep: martial law, nuclear emergency, wartime controls > .
23-1-20 Taiwan - Democracy and the digital world | DW Doc > .
22-12-20 US military in Pacific to prevent Xinese invasion of Taiwan - PBS > .22-11-6 Defending Taiwan vs Xina's looming war threat | 60 Min Aus > .
22-10-31 How could war between Xina & Taiwan play out? | Four Corners > .
22-10-27 Taiwan: Soldiers’ salaries x2; expanding military bases - Revealed > .22-9-21 How China’s Military Drills Could Choke Off Taiwan’s Internet | WSJ > .
21-12-28 Why China Wants to Annex Taiwan | What Could Go Wrong - gtbt > .
21-12-16 Taiwan: a full Chinese invasion would be difficult for PLA - Focus > .
Weapon Specs - CoCa >> .



The defence ministry said the aircraft, including nuclear-capable bombers, entered its air defence identification zone (ADIZ) in two waves. Taiwan responded by scrambling its jets and deploying missile systems. China sees democratic Taiwan as a breakaway province, but Taiwan sees itself as a sovereign state. Taiwan has been complaining for more than a year about repeated missions by China's air force near the island.

Taiwan
Asia coverage: https://econ.st/2QDDDEJ .​ 
“Scared strait: Taiwan”: https://econ.st/3aormei .​ 
Why are China and Taiwan divided? https://econ.st/2QA3Bce .​ 
Why Taiwan is not internationally recognised? https://econ.st/32t3Vw7 .​ 
Which is The Economist country of the year? https://econ.st/3nevi6J .​ 
How Taiwan is affecting China’s political decisions: https://econ.st/3ann6vC .​ 
Why is America’s relationship to Taiwan important? https://econ.st/3dy3UNL .​ 
Why Taiwan is not recognised by WHO? https://econ.st/32w9r0U .​ 
COVID-19 has not ravaged Taiwan's economy. How so? https://econ.st/3dAlHDG .​ 
How China’s security laws are changing Hong Kong: https://econ.st/3sw65W9 .​ 
China’s contradicting pitch to Taiwan: https://econ.st/2RKK60Z .​ 
Is war between China and Taiwan possible? https://econ.st/3n3MAmO .​ 
Can Taiwanese businesses survive in China? https://econ.st/3na7tN9 .

ROC military: As of March 2022, Taiwanese men are conscripted for four months of service. Taiwan's military has just doubled the length of call-back training, but some critics say the country is still sorely underprepared for battle.

The Republic of China Armed Forces (ROCAF; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guójūn) are the armed forces of the Republic of China (ROC), formerly based in mainland China and currently in its remaining jurisdictions which includes the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other smaller ROC islands such as Taiping Island in the South China Sea.

It encompasses the Army, Navy (including the Marine Corps), Air Force and Military Police Force. The military is under the civilian control of the Ministry of National Defense, a cabinet-level agency overseen by the Legislative Yuan. It was previously named the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) before being renamed as the Republic of China Armed Forces in 1947 due to the implementation of the newly promulgated Constitution of the Republic of China. It was also historically referred as the Chinese National Armed Forces from 1912 to 1949 prior to the establishment of the People's Republic of China on the Chinese mainland.

Until the 1970s and towards the end of martial law, the military's primary mission was for the ROC to eventually retake mainland China from the communist-controlled People's Republic of China (PRC) through campaigns such as Project National Glory. The military's current foremost mission is the defense of the islands remaining under the control of the ROC, against a possible military invasion by the People's Liberation Army of the PRC, which is seen as the predominant threat to the ROC in the ongoing dispute over the ambiguous political status of Taiwan dating back to the Chinese Civil War.

Comment:
"Many people speak against Taiwan for the reason that Taiwan still upholding the clauses in her own Constitution, which clearly state the ultimate goal of reunification and Taiwan as a part of China. As a law student in Taiwan, I must admit that this is a true and powerful counter-argument of every effort we have done so far to escape our dictatorial past and potential dictatorial future. However, it is misleading and unfair to people who live in Taiwan. Since the Constitution was either passed before we have democracy, or in the transition phrase. And most importantly, at this moment, we continually to be threatened by the use of force from China if we ever dare to amend the Constitution! The truth is that China knows this fact as well, that's why China is doing everything to stop Taiwan from cutting this final legal tie from China. In this sense, I would say the removal of China's coercion should be a consensus of all arguments. Then we can see if Taiwan wish to uphold those clauses, or they regard it as nonsense."

China - Overleveraged

22-10-15 Xina's Economy is in Bad Shape - ColdFusion > .
23-10-13 Michael Pettis: Xina’s Changing Economy Will Impact World - CGSP > .
23-9-29 Decoding P00ti-PooXi blueprint for NoXious World Order | DW > .
23-9-25 Xi's Transforming Xina [for the worse] - Xina's Changing Trajectory - Dig > .
23-9-24 $6.5T Problem: BRI, Unproductive, Decaying Infrastructure | EcEx > .
23-9-7 Xi's Mess: Wartime Economy Rising, Imminent Societal Collapse > .
23-4-16 Logan Wright Grasping Shadows X-Ec 1 - Update > . 2 > .
23-1-20 Xi's Biggest Errors - Kevin Rudd | Update > .
22-11-27 Dragon's Claw: Xina's Next 10 Years - Kamome > . skip > .
22-11-1 "Overreach" | Susan Shirk, Kevin Rudd | Asia Society > .
22-10-27 Xina is "Pretty Much Screwed" - laowhy86 > .
22-10-25 Xina's Q3 details - Update > .
22-8-18 Xina's Economic Crisis Worsening (Housing Collapse Explained) - New > .
22-8-3 We need to pay close attention to XiXiP activities - CR > .
22-7-28 Have Mao and Deng predicted XXP's downfall? Untold history of China - Lei > .
22-4-26 Political struggle of central vs local governments & debts - Lei > .
22-4-21 Fake data re Chinese economy: GDP, import-export, unemployment - Lei > .
22-3-28 China's Economic Rise—End of the Road - cfr > .


An economy or business is said to be overleveraged when it is carrying too much debt when compared to its operating cash flows and equity. An overleveraged nation/company has difficulty in paying its interest and principal payments and is often unable to pay its operating expenses because of excessive costs due to its debt burden, which often leads to a downward financial spiral. This results in the company having to borrow more to stay in operation, and the problem gets worse. This spiral usually ends when a company restructures its debt or files for bankruptcy protection.
  • A company/economy is said to be overleveraged when it has too much debt, impeding its ability to make principal and interest payments and to cover operating expenses.
  • Being overleveraged typically leads to a downward financial spiral resulting in the need to borrow more.
  • Companies/economies typically restructure their debt or file for bankruptcy to resolve their overleveraged situation.
  • Leverage can be measured using the debt-to-equity ratio or the debt-to-total assets ratio.
  • Disadvantages of being overleveraged include constrained growth, loss of assets, limitations on further borrowing, and the inability to attract new investors.

sī vīs pācem, parā bellum

igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum    therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...