20th
Avro Shackleton - late '40s ..21st
Showing posts with label ASW. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ASW. Show all posts
Sunday, January 31, 2021
Thursday, January 28, 2021
Avro Shackleton - late '40s
The Shackleton was developed during the late 1940s as part of Britain's military response to the rapid expansion of the Soviet Navy, in particular its submarine force. Produced as the primary type equipping RAF Coastal Command, the Type 696, as it was initially designated, incorporated major elements of the Lincoln, as well as the Avro Tudor passenger aircraft, and was furnished with extensive electronics suites in order to perform the anti-submarine warfare (ASW) mission along with a much improved crew environment to accommodate the long mission times involved in patrol work. Being known for a short time as the Lincoln ASR.3, it was decided that the Type 696 would be named Shackleton in service, after the polar explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton.
In April 1951, it entered operational service with the RAF. The Shackleton was used primarily in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) roles; it was also frequently deployed as an aerial search and rescue (SAR) platform and for performing several other secondary roles such as mail delivery and as a crude troop-transport aircraft. In addition to its service with the RAF, South Africa also elected to procure the Shackleton to equip the SAAF. In South African service, the type was operated in the maritime patrol capacity between 1957 and 1984. During March 1971, in one high-profile incident, a number of SAAF Shackletons was used to effect during the SS Wafra oil spill, having intentionally sunk the stricken oil tanker using depth charges in order to prevent further ecological contamination.
During the 1970s, the Shackleton was replaced in the maritime patrol role by the jet-powered Hawker Siddeley Nimrod. During its later life, a small number of the RAF's existing Shackletons received extensive modifications in order to adapt them to perform the airborne early warning (AEW) role. The type continued to be used in this support capacity until 1991, at which point it has been replaced by the newer Boeing E-3 Sentry AEW aircraft. These were the last examples of the type remaining in active service.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Air_Force
Saturday, January 16, 2021
Martin JRM Mars
The Glenn L. Martin Company scaled up their PBM Mariner patrol bomber design to produce the prototype XPB2M-1 Mars. The XPB2M-1 was launched on 8 November 1941. After a delay caused by an engine fire during ground runs, the aircraft first flew on 23 June 1942. After flight tests with the XPB2M between 1942 and 1943, she was passed on to the Navy. The original patrol bomber concept was considered obsolete by this time, and the Mars was converted into a transport aircraft designated the XPB2M-1R. The Navy was satisfied with the performance, and ordered 20 of the modified JRM-1 Mars. The first, named Hawaii Mars, was delivered in June 1945, but with the end of World War II the Navy scaled back their order, buying only the five aircraft which were then on the production line. Though the original Hawaii Mars was lost in an accident on the Chesapeake Bay a few weeks after it first flew, the other five Mars were completed, and the last delivered in 1947.
Four of the surviving aircraft were later converted for civilian use to firefighting water bombers. In 1959, the remaining Mars aircraft were to be sold for scrap, but a Canadian company, Forest Industries Flying Tankers (FIFT), was formed and bid for the four aircraft and a large spares inventory. The company represented a consortium of British Columbia forest companies, and the bid was accepted and the sale completed in December 1959. The four aircraft were flown to Fairey Aviation at Victoria, British Columbia, for conversion into water bombers. The conversion involved the installation of a 6,000 imp gal (27,000 l; 7,200 US gal) plywood tank in the cargo bay with retractable pick-up scoops to allow uploading of water while the aircraft was taxiing. The scoops allowed 30 tons of water to be taken on board in 22 seconds. Later some of the hull fuel tanks were replaced with water tanks.
Two of the aircraft still remain based at Sproat Lake just outside of Port Alberni, British Columbia, although neither are operational.
Saturday, July 11, 2020
Resource War
Resource War - tb >> .
World war II: The resource war - Extra History playlist >> .
1940 - USSR contribution to Nazi war-resources > .
41-3-11 End of US neutrality? The Lend-Lease Act > .
Isolationist America & Lend-Lease
https://youtu.be/N5PTeDe4jTQ?t=37s
https://youtu.be/N5PTeDe4jTQ?t=37s
21st > Energy >>
24-8-14 History & Geopolitics of Oil - gtbt > .
24-3-24 Why We Can’t Just Stop Oil - EcEx > .23-7-22 Saudi Arabia’s Catastrophic “Everything” Problem - Real > .
41-1-10 Lend Lease Act > .
41-3-11 Lend Lease > .
41-1-10 Lend Lease Act > .
41-3-11 Lend Lease > .
War Ministries WW2 ..
The Neutrality Acts were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II. They were spurred by the growth in isolationism and non-interventionism in the US following its costly involvement in World War I, and sought to ensure that the US would not become entangled again in foreign conflicts.
The legacy of the Neutrality Acts is widely regarded as having been generally negative: they made no distinction between aggressor and victim, treating both equally as "belligerents"; and they limited the US government's ability to aid Britain and France against Nazi Germany. The acts were largely repealed in 1941, in the face of German submarine attacks on U.S. vessels and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrality_Acts_of_1930s
The Neutrality Acts were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II. They were spurred by the growth in isolationism and non-interventionism in the US following its costly involvement in World War I, and sought to ensure that the US would not become entangled again in foreign conflicts.
The legacy of the Neutrality Acts is widely regarded as having been generally negative: they made no distinction between aggressor and victim, treating both equally as "belligerents"; and they limited the US government's ability to aid Britain and France against Nazi Germany. The acts were largely repealed in 1941, in the face of German submarine attacks on U.S. vessels and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrality_Acts_of_1930s
Allocation of manpower and resources to food production
Monday, August 26, 2019
Coastal Command's Operational Research Section (CC-ORS)
Blackett's team at Coastal Command's Operational Research Section (CC-ORS) included two future Nobel prize winners and many other people who went on to be pre-eminent in their fields. They undertook a number of crucial analyses that aided the war effort. Britain introduced the convoy system to reduce shipping losses, but while the principle of using warships to accompany merchant ships was generally accepted, it was unclear whether it was better for convoys to be small or large. Convoys travel at the speed of the slowest member, so small convoys can travel faster. It was also argued that small convoys would be harder for German U-boats to detect. On the other hand, large convoys could deploy more warships against an attacker. Blackett's staff showed that the losses suffered by convoys depended largely on the number of escort vessels present, rather than the size of the convoy. Their conclusion was that a few large convoys are more defensible than many small ones.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_research .
Tuesday, August 6, 2019
Wargaming & Battle of the Atlantic
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Western Approaches Tactical Unit (WATU): Wargaming Battle of Atlantic - War > .
WATU School: Operation Raspberry: Allies Defeat U-Boat Tactics - War > .
Western Approaches - the bunker from which they won the war > .WATU School: Operation Raspberry: Allies Defeat U-Boat Tactics - War > .
Western Approaches bunker - Navy, RAF > .
Western Approaches - Britain's Best Kept Secret of WW2 > .
Battle Of The Atlantic | Secrets Of War Doc > .
Culling the Nazi Wolfpacks - Submarines - 41-3-17 > .
Wargaming & Battle of the Atlantic
Wargamers > .
> Strategy >>
Analysing Logistics - RaWa >> .
Communications WW2 - SuHo >> .
The wargaming Wrens of the Western Approaches Tactical Unit
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/the-wargaming-wrens-of-the-western-approaches-tactical-unit/
Response to sexist responses:
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2016/03/09/women-and-wargaming-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/ .
The wargaming Wrens of the Western Approaches Tactical Unit
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/the-wargaming-wrens-of-the-western-approaches-tactical-unit/
Wargaming the Atlantic War: Captain Gilbert Roberts and the Wrens of the Western Approaches Tactical Unit
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2017/12/20/wargaming-the-atlantic-war-captain-gilbert-roberts-and-the-wrens-of-the-western-approaches-tactical-unit/ .
Battle of Atlantic Western Approaches Museum Underground Bunker in Liverpool > .
Western Approaches - Britain's Best Kept Secret of WW2 > .
Battle Of The Atlantic | Secrets Of War Doc > .
Culling the Nazi Wolfpacks - Submarines - 41-3-17 > .
Western Approaches Tactical Unit (WATU): Wargaming Battle of Atlantic - War > .
WATU School: Operation Raspberry: Allies Defeat U-Boat Tactics - War > .
WATU School: Operation Raspberry: Allies Defeat U-Boat Tactics - War > .
The Western Approaches Tactical Unit (WATU) was a unit of the British Royal Navy created in January 1942 to develop and disseminate new tactics to counter German submarine attacks on trans-Atlantic shipping convoys. It was led by Captain Gilbert Roberts and was principally staffed by officers and ratings from the Women's Royal Naval Service (Wrens). Roberts was first introduced to wargaming during a stint at the Portsmouth Tactical School from 1935 to 1937. Roberts took to wargaming with great enthusiasm, and developed his own rulesets. Roberts' wargames were based on the wargames developed by Fred T. Jane in 1898 (Jane Naval Wargame and Fighting Ships).
The WATU's primary tool for studying U-boat attacks and developing countermeasures was wargames. After the U-boat threat to merchant shipping was defeated, WATU continued to develop anti-submarine tactics for later stages of the war, including Operation Overlord and the Pacific War. WATU trained naval officers in its tactics by hosting week-long training courses in which the students played wargames. WATU formally ceased operations at the end of July 1945.
Wargaming & Battle of the Atlantic
> Strategy >>
Analysing Logistics - RaWa >> .
Communications WW2 - SuHo >> .
The wargaming Wrens of the Western Approaches Tactical Unit
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/the-wargaming-wrens-of-the-western-approaches-tactical-unit/
Response to sexist responses:
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2016/03/09/women-and-wargaming-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/ .
The wargaming Wrens of the Western Approaches Tactical Unit
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/the-wargaming-wrens-of-the-western-approaches-tactical-unit/
Wargaming the Atlantic War: Captain Gilbert Roberts and the Wrens of the Western Approaches Tactical Unit
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2017/12/20/wargaming-the-atlantic-war-captain-gilbert-roberts-and-the-wrens-of-the-western-approaches-tactical-unit/ .
Battle of Atlantic Western Approaches Museum Underground Bunker in Liverpool > .
Visit Western Approaches in Liverpool today! > .http://www.liverpoolwarmuseum.co.uk/
The wargaming Wrens of the Western Approaches Tactical Unit
https://paxsims.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/wiw-newsletter-17-final.pdf
https://paxsims.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/mors-wargaming-meeting-2017-working-group-2-final-report-20171208.pdf
How Germany Revolutionized Submarine Warfare > .
Operation Odysseus >> .
Battle of the Atlantic: U-boats and how to sink them > .
Wolfpacks attack convoys, October '40 > .
Battlefield S02E02 - The Battle of the Atlantic > .
Decisive Weapons S02E04 - U-Boat Killer: The Anti-Submarine Warship > .
Submarine Attack Plans Of World War II Documentary > .
The Torpedoes of WWII Documentary > .
Wargamers > .
Western Approaches - the bunker from which they won the war > .
The Wargaming Wrens of the Western Approaches Tactical Unit
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/the-wargaming-wrens-of-the-western-approaches-tactical-unit/
https://paxsims.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/wiw-newsletter-17-final.pdf
https://paxsims.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/mors-wargaming-meeting-2017-working-group-2-final-report-20171208.pdf
WW2 - ExCr >> .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYv-GC8DgMk&list=PLhyKYa0YJ_5CpF0wJeXpZAJp6A-sQ_M3A .
History of Kriegsspiel and the Birth of Wargaming > .
What game theory teaches us about war | Simon Sinek > .
The wargaming Wrens of the Western Approaches Tactical Unit
https://paxsims.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/wiw-newsletter-17-final.pdf
https://paxsims.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/mors-wargaming-meeting-2017-working-group-2-final-report-20171208.pdf
How Germany Revolutionized Submarine Warfare > .
Operation Odysseus >> .
Wolfpacks attack convoys, October '40 > .
Battlefield S02E02 - The Battle of the Atlantic > .
Decisive Weapons S02E04 - U-Boat Killer: The Anti-Submarine Warship > .
Submarine Attack Plans Of World War II Documentary > .
The Torpedoes of WWII Documentary > .
Wargamers > .
Western Approaches - the bunker from which they won the war > .
The Wargaming Wrens of the Western Approaches Tactical Unit
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/the-wargaming-wrens-of-the-western-approaches-tactical-unit/
https://paxsims.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/wiw-newsletter-17-final.pdf
https://paxsims.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/mors-wargaming-meeting-2017-working-group-2-final-report-20171208.pdf
WW2 - ExCr >> .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYv-GC8DgMk&list=PLhyKYa0YJ_5CpF0wJeXpZAJp6A-sQ_M3A .
What game theory teaches us about war | Simon Sinek > .
Wargaming - Xina, Taiwan, USA "2026":
Tuesday, December 25, 2018
de Havilland - History, DH planes, Mosquito
de Havilland Mosquito: Bandit Of The Air > .
De Havilland History, Line-Up. Mosquito > .
https://youtu.be/vh4vazBq-X4?t=47 .
Mosquito Design, Construction > .
https://youtu.be/vh4vazBq-X4?t=615 .
ASW > .
https://youtu.be/vh4vazBq-X4?t=2171 .
Sub Chasers of the Civil Air Patrol > .
Why Depth Charges Don't Have to Touch a Submarine to Sink It > .
DH89 Dragon Rapide ..
De Havilland History, Line-Up. Mosquito > .
https://youtu.be/vh4vazBq-X4?t=47 .
Mosquito Design, Construction > .
https://youtu.be/vh4vazBq-X4?t=615 .
ASW > .
https://youtu.be/vh4vazBq-X4?t=2171 .
Sub Chasers of the Civil Air Patrol > .
Why Depth Charges Don't Have to Touch a Submarine to Sink It > .
DH89 Dragon Rapide ..
Tuesday, December 11, 2018
Reconnaissance, ASW, ISR
23-7-31 P-8A Poseidon: The RAF's submarine hunter - Forces > .
24-4-5 Israel's Lavender System, AI Targeting, Battlefield Informatics - McBeth > .
24-1-30 USAF replacing AWACS planes with Boeing 737 AEW&C - Binkov > .
24-1-26 AWACS: Modern Surveillance Aircraft Need Not be Stealthy - nwyt > .
23-8-10 ‘Detect, Control, Engage’: The Aegis Concept - UNI > .
The Boeing P-8 Poseidon is an American maritime patrol and reconnaissance aircraft developed and produced by Boeing Defense, Space & Security, and derived from the civilian Boeing 737-800. It was developed for the United States Navy (USN).
The P-8 operates in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASUW), and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) roles. It is armed with torpedoes, Harpoon anti-ship missiles, and other weapons, can drop and monitor sonobuoys, and can operate in conjunction with other assets, including the Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton maritime surveillance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
The P-8 is operated by the United States Navy, the Indian Navy, the Royal Australian Air Force, the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force, the Royal Norwegian Air Force and the Royal New Zealand Air Force. It has also been ordered by the Republic of Korea Navy, and the German Navy. As of 16 May 2023, 160 P-8s have been delivered.
The P-8 operates in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASUW), and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) roles. It is armed with torpedoes, Harpoon anti-ship missiles, and other weapons, can drop and monitor sonobuoys, and can operate in conjunction with other assets, including the Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton maritime surveillance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
The P-8 is operated by the United States Navy, the Indian Navy, the Royal Australian Air Force, the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force, the Royal Norwegian Air Force and the Royal New Zealand Air Force. It has also been ordered by the Republic of Korea Navy, and the German Navy. As of 16 May 2023, 160 P-8s have been delivered.
Monday, December 10, 2018
Supermarine Walrus - Supermarine Seagull V
The Supermarine Walrus (originally known as the Supermarine Seagull V) was a British single-engine amphibious biplane reconnaissance aircraft designed by R. J. Mitchell and first flown in 1933. Designed for use as a fleet spotter to be catapult launched from cruisers or battleships, the Walrus was later employed in other roles, notably as a rescue aircraft for aircrew in the sea. The Walrus continued in service throughout the Second World War, with the Fleet Air Arm (FAA), Royal Air Force (RAF), Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) and Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF). It was the first British squadron-service aircraft to incorporate in one airframe a fully retractable main undercarriage, completely enclosed crew accommodation and all-metal fuselage.
Friday, December 7, 2018
Vickers Warwick - ASW
Vickers Warwick -- white for anti-submarine warfare
Sub Chasers of the Civil Air Patrol > .
Why Aircraft Patrols Were a Source of Fear for Nazi U-Boats > .
Why Depth Charges Don't Have to Touch a Submarine to Sink It > .
Coastal Command's Operational Research Section (CC-ORS): While performing an analysis of the methods used by RAF Coastal Command to hunt and destroy submarines, one of the analysts asked what colour the aircraft were. As most of them were from Bomber Command they were painted black for night-time operations. At the suggestion of CC-ORS a test was run to see if that was the best colour to camouflage the aircraft for daytime operations in the grey North Atlantic skies. Tests showed that aircraft painted white were on average not spotted until they were 20% closer than those painted black. This change indicated that 30% more submarines would be attacked and sunk for the same number of sightings. As a result of these findings Coastal Command changed their aircraft to using white undersurfaces."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_research .
Sub Chasers of the Civil Air Patrol > .
Why Aircraft Patrols Were a Source of Fear for Nazi U-Boats > .
Why Depth Charges Don't Have to Touch a Submarine to Sink It > .
Coastal Command's Operational Research Section (CC-ORS): While performing an analysis of the methods used by RAF Coastal Command to hunt and destroy submarines, one of the analysts asked what colour the aircraft were. As most of them were from Bomber Command they were painted black for night-time operations. At the suggestion of CC-ORS a test was run to see if that was the best colour to camouflage the aircraft for daytime operations in the grey North Atlantic skies. Tests showed that aircraft painted white were on average not spotted until they were 20% closer than those painted black. This change indicated that 30% more submarines would be attacked and sunk for the same number of sightings. As a result of these findings Coastal Command changed their aircraft to using white undersurfaces."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_research .
Friday, September 28, 2018
ASW - sinking U-boat
What To Do When Facing A German U-Boat Onslaught > .
Why Aircraft Patrols Were a Source of Fear for Nazi U-Boats > .
Why Aircraft Patrols Were a Source of Fear for Nazi U-Boats > .
HMS Troubridge was an T-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy that saw service during the Second World War.
In 1943, Troubridge was sent to the Mediterranean, where she performed screening duties for major naval units. Troubridge was one of the units that performed as a screen for the cruisers Aurora, Newfoundland, Orion, Penelope and Euryalus, in conjunction with Mediterranean Fleet destroyers and motor torpedo boats for the surrender of Pantellaria on 10 May 1943. She provided support to offensives on Italian warships, provided anti-aircraft support, and was involved in the Allied effort to land in Sicily, Calabria, and Salerno. Other notable events involving Troubridge was the sinking of the German submarine U-407. U-407 was sunk in the Mediterranean south of Milos, in position 36º27'N, 24º33'E, destroyed by depth charges dropped from the destroyers Troubridge, Terpsichore, and the Polish ORP Garland. U-407's sinking also marked the disbandment of the 29th U-boat Flotilla. In 1944 Troubridge transferred to the Far East and operated under US control. Amongst other engagements, she took part in an attack on Truk. She returned to Portsmouth in 1946.
Wednesday, September 26, 2018
Corvette WW2
24-7-16 (Failed) Race For The Arctic - gtbt > .
24-7-1 P00ti lost Ruscia's Arctic dominance to Xina & Baltic NATO forces | Forces > .World of Warships - Know Your Ship >> .The word "corvette" is first found in Middle French, a diminutive of the Dutch word corf, meaning a "basket", from the Latin corbis.
The rank "corvette captain", equivalent in many navies to "lieutenant commander", derives from the name of this type of ship. The rank is the most junior of three "captain" ranks in several European (e.g., France, Spain, Italy, Croatia) and South American (e.g., Argentina, Chile, Brazil) navies, because a corvette, as the smallest class of rated warship, was traditionally the smallest class of vessel entitled to a commander of a "captain" rank.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvette
The modern Canadian Navy operates 1 destroyer, 12 frigates, 4 patrol submarines, 12 coastal-defence vessels and 8 unarmed patrol/training vessels
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_of_the_Royal_Canadian_Navy
Sunday, September 23, 2018
Tuesday, September 11, 2018
Monday, September 10, 2018
Submarines WW1-WW2
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Anti Submarine Warfare and Tactics in WW1 - tgw > .
Submarines (History) > .
23-7-25 3-D: Construction, Operation of WW2 submarine - Animagraffs > .
Culling the Nazi Wolfpacks - Submarines - 41-3-17 > .
Culling the Nazi Wolfpacks - Submarines - 41-3-17 > .
Saturday, September 8, 2018
U-Boats
Why Aircraft Patrols Were a Source of Fear for Nazi U-Boats > .
Why Depth Charges Don't Have to Touch a Submarine to Sink It > .
Culling the Nazi Wolfpacks - Submarines - 41-3-17 > .
Why Depth Charges Don't Have to Touch a Submarine to Sink It > .
Culling the Nazi Wolfpacks - Submarines - 41-3-17 > .
Western Approaches Tactical Unit (WATU): Wargaming Battle of Atlantic - War > .
WATU School: Operation Raspberry: Allies Defeat U-Boat Tactics - War > .
ASW - sinking U-boat ..WATU School: Operation Raspberry: Allies Defeat U-Boat Tactics - War > .
U-966: Submarine Hx & Future
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Later that day Liberator GR Mk V BZ774/D of the RAF's Czechoslovak-crewed 311 Squadron/D sighted U-966 at 43°45′N 08°00′W. The submarine headed for the netural Spanish coast at full speed but at 1354 hrs BZ774/D attacked her with wing-mounted SAP60 semi-armour piercing rocket projectiles (RP's).
Several of the RP's failed to function, and the Czechoslovak aircrew was unable to see any effects on the target from those that did. But U-966 slowed to an estimated six to eight knots, and then within 200 yards (180 m) of the Spanish coast she slowed to two knots before running aground. 42 of her 50 crew survived. They scuttled her, took to their dinghies and were interned in Spain.[4]
The wreck is at 43°46′8″N 07°38′0″WCoordinates: 43°46′8″N 07°38′0″W.
U-966
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44741045
Divers have found wreckage from a Nazi World War Two U-boat near the coast of Galicia in north-western Spain.
U-966 was heavily damaged by Allied bombers in November 1943, so the crew blew it up with timed charges and all but eight reached dry land.
US Navy and RAF Liberator bombers targeted U-966 with depth charges for a whole day, as the German submarine zig-zagged and fired its anti-aircraft gun.
One Allied plane was shot down - reportedly an RAF Catalina flying boat.
An RAF Wellington bomber also took part in the submarine chase and dropped depth charges.
The U-boat was returning from an operation off the coast of North America when it was detected by the Allies. Bombers attacked it repeatedly on 10 November 1943, crippling it.
U-boats had inflicted enormous damage on Allied shipping earlier in the war. They attacked supply convoys as well as naval vessels.
The Gut Holz, 67m (220ft) long, was nearly brand new. It had been launched in January 1943, and had a career lasting just 10 months.
Spain's fascist dictator, Gen Francisco Franco, was not officially allied with Nazi Germany, but the supposedly neutral country was known to assist the Nazi war effort in various ways. Those friendly relations enabled surviving sailors to get back to Germany.
https://plus.google.com/103755316640704343614/posts/CoBczxRicPX
German submarine U-966 - Wikipedia
Saturday, August 25, 2018
Detecting Submarines
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ASW - Detecting Submarines - Mil TV > .24-5-19 Detection Advances vs Future of Ballistic, Attack Submarines - Perun > .
A submarine can be detected by a number of different sensors and methods.
23-7-7 Sonar - Qxir > .
22-11-23 Whatever Happened to Cargo Submarines? - F&E > .Dubbed as the “Silent Service,” submarines are considered the most survivable weapons-delivery platform. Submarine detection and monitoring was traditionally the exclusive domain of highly classified military units specializing in naval anti-submarine warfare (ASW). Military ASW employs technologies such as magnetic anomaly detectors (MAD), which detect tiny disturbances to Earth’s magnetic field caused by metallic submarine hulls, passive and active sonar sensors that use sound propagation to detect objects underwater, as well as radar and high-resolution satellite imagery to detect surfaced submarines. Recent advances in commercial tools and technologies now give open-source researchers some ability to monitor submarine fleets. With commercial satellite imagery, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), hydro-acoustic sensors, and even social media analysis, open-source researchers can better understand the size and composition of countries’ submarine fleets, monitor the construction of submarines and submarine bases, and potentially learn about patrol patterns and behaviors.
2:44 Radar
3:55 Green Laser
4:19 Infrared
5:16 Hydrodynamic Water Pressure
5:35 Electronic Counter Measures (ECM)
5:59 Magnetic Anomaly Detection
6:25 Passive Sonar (+/- LOFAR, LO Frequency Analysis and Ranging)
7:38 Active Sonar
8:28 Evading Detection
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum
igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...
