Showing posts with label USSR. Show all posts
Showing posts with label USSR. Show all posts
Sunday, December 1, 2024
Saturday, November 2, 2024
Krumblin 2 - 2024
24-6-9 Bill Browder: how Ruscia really works & surviving P00tin | iai > .
24-7-22 Comment:
A few things about the Russian economy that are largely ignored:
24-5-12 Shoigu Replaced: Belousov, Shoigu, Patrushev - Mark Galeotti > .24-5-8 Новый срок Путина | [Tsar Runt's Despotic Reign of Horror] | Katz > .
24-5-2 Stephen Kotkin: Russia’s Murky Future | Foreign Affairs Interview > .24-4-21 Путин vs СССР | P00tin vs USSR | Relative Stability? (subs) - Katz > .
24-4-19 Age of Wars:[Karaganov's Bellicose Ode to Axis of Envious Resentment - gtbt > .
24-3-21 'Late P00tinism' - R-U failure as Krumblin 'clings to power' | Galeotti > .
24-3-17 Collapse of R's Arms Exports - Competitors, Ukraine, Future - Perun > .24-3-7 Захват власти силой | Violent Takeover | Odds & Consequences (subs) > .24-3-1 Mikhail Khodorkovsky's advice for Western leaders - CBC > .24-2-29 Why Russia’s Economy is Pathetic - Icarus > .
24-2-27 Opinion Poll | 82% за окончание войны | 82% Against War (subs) - Katz > .
24-2-17 P00’s regime ‘fragile’; risks ‘toppling over’ | Christopher Steele > .24-2-10 Путин у Карлсона | [P00ti & Zucker | Demented Dicktator] (subs) > .
24-1-28 Pillars of Russia. On What Does Russian Success or Failure Rest? - gtbt > .> Krumblin 2023 >>
24-1-7 Why Postwar matters - Kraut > .
22-8-22 P00ti’s Secret Neo-Nazi Armies | Decade of Hate | VICE > .2014 P00ti vs West - BBC Select > .
"Election" March 15-17, 2024
...
23-4-3 Break-up of Russia 1/3 - gtbt > . skip scam > .
23-4-21 What Would Be the Impact of Russia's Collapse? 3/3 - gtbt > . skip > .24-3-31 Global Arms Exports - Winners, losers, trends in race to rearm - Perun > .> Drones >> >> Drones >>>
24-3-24 Altai, Power of Siberia: Xina Outplayed Ruscia in Gas Negotiations - Res > .
24-3-24 Why We Can’t Just Stop Oil - EcEx > .
> P00paganda >>
24-6-16 How P00tin's P00paganda Corrupts the West - Vlad Vexler > .
24-6-7 [Desperate P00paganda: Thugmouths Threaten West] Risk? | OSW > .
24-6-6 [Desperation behind Tsar Runt's Empty Threats: Cowardly Bully - Katz > .
24-6-16 How P00tin's P00paganda Corrupts the West - Vlad Vexler > .
24-6-7 [Desperate P00paganda: Thugmouths Threaten West] Risk? | OSW > .
24-6-6 [Desperation behind Tsar Runt's Empty Threats: Cowardly Bully - Katz > .
24-5-22 [XIR DISinformation: NoXious Zociopathic Divisive Gambit] - Applebaum > .
24-5-18 [Ruscian P00paganda Controls Narrative & Manipulates West] - Waro > .
24-5-7 [P00ti's P00pagandistic Stratagems] | Теории заговора по-путински | Katz > .
23-8-29 Dictatorships: From Spin to Fear | Ruscist Regression (subs) - Katz > .
24-5-18 [Ruscian P00paganda Controls Narrative & Manipulates West] - Waro > .
24-5-7 [P00ti's P00pagandistic Stratagems] | Теории заговора по-путински | Katz > .
23-8-29 Dictatorships: From Spin to Fear | Ruscist Regression (subs) - Katz > .
Sudan & Syria
U$A/NATO
24-2-4 Zaluzhny Article - New Warfare Doctrine to Beat Ruscia - Ukraine Matters > .
...
> Krumblin 2024 >>Krumblin - αλλο >> .
P00paganda, Krumblin Ruscism - Alētheiai >> .Propaganda, Fake News, Cyberpolitics - Armor >> .
R-U Winter 2023-4 - αλλο >> .
23-11-26 OPINION: Why Ukraine Can and Will Win KYIV POST
"Timothy Snyder, Professor of History at Yale University, pointed out that the term “Russophobia” is an attempt [by the Krumblin] to justify the Russian Federation’s war crimes in Ukraine. The harm being done to Russians and Russian Federation culture is primarily due to Moscow’s own policies and actions, he countered, spotlighting the emigration of creative Russians due to its invasion of Ukraine; destruction of independent Russian journalism; attacks on culture, books, museums and other landmarks; mass killings [by orcs] of Russian speakers and citizens; and Russian Federation State television proclamations. The claim that Ukrainians are sick with a disease called “Russophobia” is simply colonial rhetoric and part of a larger strategy of hate speech, he stressed."
R-U Winter 2023-4 - αλλο >> .
23-6-10 Opposition leaders have begun to plan for the end of the regime – and some believe it is now inevitable: "Nearly 300 exiled Russian opposition politicians and activists gathered to discuss these questions in the European parliament earlier this week, the congress coming as news broke of the Nova Kakhovka dam destruction, the latest grim episode in Vladimir Putin’s war on Ukraine. ... The Brussels forum, convened by four MEPs, was the first such gathering to be given official status by a European parliamentary body, as some in Europe start thinking about how the contours of a post-Putin Russia would look.
Pobedobesie (победобесие, 'victory frenzy, victory mania or obsession with victory') is a pejorative term used to describe the "hyperbolic celebrations" of Victory Day in Russia. This has been dubbed the Victory Cult. The term has been extended to refer to the weaponization of the legacy of World War II to justify Russia's aggressive policies and an increase of militarism, using the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany for p00paganda purposes.
P00tin "was hella mad at the Ukrainians for this song. Since then we all call this prick as "huilo" (dickhead) and some even call russia as Huilostan."
A few things about the Russian economy that are largely ignored:
1. Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia have stopped buying Russian electricity.
2. Gazprom (the Russian state energy supplier) went bankrupt 3 months ago and needed to be bailed out by the Russian government.
3. Ukraine has continually been targeting Russian oil infrastructure since Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022. The Russians have described some oil refineries as "total losses" with "irreparable damage."
4. Russia has made its oil output a state secret, so that economists can't work out its GDP with any accuracy.
5. 45 European nations have agreed to tackle Russia's "shadow fleet" (used to skirt around sanctions) of old uninsured, unregistered and questionably seaworthy oil tankers, with a proposal currently sitting on the desk of the White House.
6. Russian civilians in the Krasnodar region are currently protesting at electricity rationing, with many arrests taking place. The atmosphere on the streets is described by locals, as "like an unstable artillery shell, ready to explode at any moment."
7. The Russian Ruble exchange rate to USD has tripled since 2014 (meaning the value of the Ruble has plunged ~66% in that time).
Russia is slowly being starved of its oil production capacity, oil refining capacity, and the ability to export oil to foreign countries. Over 30% of Russian GDP is currently used to fund its military. 30% of GDP to fund the military is untenable for any economy to sustain, especially considering Russia's economic losses and sanctions since its invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Ukraine just needs to continue destroying Russia's military-industrial complex, while Europe and the US slowly strangle the Russian economy.
8. Russia has lost over 3 million people, mostly young and educated, who have fled Russia, since it invaded Ukraine in February 2022.
9. The Russian army has suffered over half a million dead, or severely wounded men (lost limbs, permanently paralyzed, or hospitalized long-term). These severely wounded soldiers will be a long-term burden to the Russian state, as they will never be able to work again, and will instead drain the economy through drawing disability pensions. These injured men will also depend on long-term medication and care. Family dependents such as young children may also have to be looked after by the Russian state, as they no longer have anyone to provide for them.
Ukraine Forever!
Monday, May 8, 2023
1945-5-8 VE-Day □
23-5-8 1945-5-8 Germany's THREE Surrenders - VE-Day Special > .
23-8-26 Liberation of Paris - WW2 - August 25, 1944 > .
45-5-8 VE Day, London > .
45-5-8 VE Day - Churchill speech > .
Having received reports that the US Third Army led by General Patton was close to Paris, but unaware that they did not intend to attack the city Von Choltitz, the Nazi military governor, ordered explosives to be placed at strategic points. The Nazis never had the chance to detonate them.
The German military withdrew down the Champs Élysées on the morning of 19 August. At this point the French Forces of the Interior, otherwise known as the French resistance, seized the opportunity to begin a full-scale uprising. Barricades were erected the next day, with fighting reaching a peak three days later. It was this that persuaded Eisenhower to change his plan and allow Allied troops to enter Paris.
Over 800 resistance fighters died before the Free French 2nd Armoured Division led by Captain Raymond Dronne arrived to assist the uprising just before midnight on 24 August. On 25 August the US 4th Infantry Division entered the city. General Charles de Gaulle, the head of the Free French Forces and a symbol of hope to his countrymen, led a triumphant parade down the Champs Élysées. Von Choltitz surrendered later that day.
Freedom Russia Legion >: "in today's Russia, the holiday of military honor and memory has turned into a parade of hypocrisy and pathos. You cannot be proud of the feat of your ancestors, while at the same moment killing children and women in a foreign country.VE-Day - British Newspapers ..
45-5-8 VE Day - Churchill speech > .
How Victory In Europe Day Unfolded | VE Day | Timeline > .
On 25 August 1944 the Nazi German garrison in Paris surrendered the city to the Allies.
A series of actions by the Nazis against French political prisoners and members of the French Resistance had previously sparked mass civil unrest. This began on 15 August and climaxed three days later with a general strike. However, having been ruled by the Nazis for over four years, the liberation of the capital was not a priority for the forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Furthermore, the Allied commanders were unwilling to risk the destruction of the city since they were aware that Hitler had said it ‘must not fall into the enemy's hand except lying in complete debris.’
London celebrates the end of WW2 - VE > .
Victory In Europe (1945) > .
Defeat And Deliverance (1945) > .
1944-8-25 Liberation of Paris; Nazi German garrison surrenders city to Allies - HiPo > .Victory In Europe (1945) > .
Defeat And Deliverance (1945) > .
A series of actions by the Nazis against French political prisoners and members of the French Resistance had previously sparked mass civil unrest. This began on 15 August and climaxed three days later with a general strike. However, having been ruled by the Nazis for over four years, the liberation of the capital was not a priority for the forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Furthermore, the Allied commanders were unwilling to risk the destruction of the city since they were aware that Hitler had said it ‘must not fall into the enemy's hand except lying in complete debris.’
Having received reports that the US Third Army led by General Patton was close to Paris, but unaware that they did not intend to attack the city Von Choltitz, the Nazi military governor, ordered explosives to be placed at strategic points. The Nazis never had the chance to detonate them.
The German military withdrew down the Champs Élysées on the morning of 19 August. At this point the French Forces of the Interior, otherwise known as the French resistance, seized the opportunity to begin a full-scale uprising. Barricades were erected the next day, with fighting reaching a peak three days later. It was this that persuaded Eisenhower to change his plan and allow Allied troops to enter Paris.
Over 800 resistance fighters died before the Free French 2nd Armoured Division led by Captain Raymond Dronne arrived to assist the uprising just before midnight on 24 August. On 25 August the US 4th Infantry Division entered the city. General Charles de Gaulle, the head of the Free French Forces and a symbol of hope to his countrymen, led a triumphant parade down the Champs Élysées. Von Choltitz surrendered later that day.
Ruscist May 9 Charade = Immortalizing Imminent Defeat
23-5-10 How Putin Debased V-Day Memory & Celebrations (subs) - Katz > .23-5-9 Ruscia’s Desperate Parade: P00 calls for 'victory' - BBC > .Compare with 2019 = Still Arrogantly Self-Congratulatory
19-5-9 2019 Парад Победы = I see now-dead people > .Pre-Pariah Parade
Compare with pre-Ruscist nationalist arrogance
Pobedobesie (победобесие, 'victory frenzy, victory mania or obsession with victory') is a pejorative term used to describe the "hyperbolic celebrations" of Victory Day in Russia. This has been dubbed the Victory Cult. The term has been extended to refer to the weaponization of the legacy of World War II to justify Russia's aggressive policies and an increase of militarism, using the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany for p00paganda purposes.
Freedom Russia Legion >: "in today's Russia, the holiday of military honor and memory has turned into a parade of hypocrisy and pathos. You cannot be proud of the feat of your ancestors, while at the same moment killing children and women in a foreign country.
Monday, December 26, 2022
1991-12-26 Krumblin 1 □
Happy USSR-Collapse Day! 31 years of continued menace, regression, and paranoia ...
23-3-16 Former SSR countries escaped USSR, joined NATO - Researcher > .
On the 26th of December 1991 the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union met for the
last time to formally dissolve itself and the Soviet Union.
1991-2024 Commonwealth of Independent States: [Mapped] Every Year - Tigerstar > .Krumblin - αλλο >> .
The dissolution of the Soviet Union was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union (USSR) which resulted in the end of the country's and its federal government's existence as a sovereign state, thereby resulting in its constituent republics gaining full sovereignty on 26 December 1991.
last time to formally dissolve itself and the Soviet Union.
The origins of the dissolution of the Soviet Union can be traced back to the election of Mikhail Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Communist Party on March 11 1985. He came to office intending to revive the USSR’s economy but his reforms, of which the policies of glasnost and perestroika are probably best known, laid the foundations for the enormous popular demands for change that were to follow.
By August 1991, the Iron Curtain had fallen as a result of the toppling of Communist governments in former satellite states. This increased the pressure on Gorbachev to grant greater autonomy for republics within the Soviet Union.
A failed coup by hard-line members of the government who wanted to oust Gorbachev and reverse his reforms failed to derail the independence movements within the republics. With some having already declared their independence from the USSR, a further ten republics did so between August and December.
As it became obvious that the USSR was falling apart, on 25 December Gorbachev resigned as President. That evening the Soviet flag on the Kremlin was replaced by the Russian tricolour. The USSR was formally dissolved the next day.
Declaration no. 142-Н formally recognised that the Supreme Soviet announced that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist as a state and subject of international law. It further stated that the former Soviet republics were independent, and established the Commonwealth of Independent States.
The dissolution brought an end to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's (later also President) effort to reform the Soviet political and economic system in an attempt to stop a period of political stalemate and economic backslide. The Soviet Union had experienced internal stagnation and ethnic separatism. Although highly centralized until its final years, the country was made up of fifteen top-level republics that served as homelands for different ethnicities. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisis, with several republics already departing the Union and the waning of centralized power, the leaders of three of its founding members declared that the Soviet Union no longer existed. Eight more republics joined their declaration shortly thereafter. Gorbachev resigned in December 1991 and what was left of the Soviet parliament voted to end itself.
The process began with growing unrest in the Union's various constituent national republics developing into an incessant political and legislative conflict between them and the central government. Estonia was the first Soviet republic to declare state sovereignty inside the Union on 16 November 1988. Lithuania was the first republic to declare full independence restored from the Soviet Union by the Act of 11 March 1990 with its Baltic neighbours and the Southern Caucasus republic of Georgia joining it in a course of two months.
In August 1991, communist hardliners and military elites tried to overthrow Gorbachev and stop the failing reforms in a coup, but failed. The turmoil led to the government in Moscow losing most of its influence, and many republics proclaiming independence in the following days and months. The secession of the Baltic states was recognized in September 1991. The Belovezh Accords were signed on 8 December by President Boris Yeltsin of Russia, President Kravchuk of Ukraine, and Chairman Shushkevich of Belarus, recognising each other's independence and creating the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to replace the Soviet Union. Kazakhstan was the last republic to leave the Union, proclaiming independence on 16 December. All the ex-Soviet republics, with the exception of Georgia and the Baltic states, joined the CIS on 21 December, signing the Alma-Ata Protocol. On 25 December, Gorbachev resigned and turned over his presidential powers—including control of the nuclear launch codes—to Yeltsin, who was now the first president of the Russian Federation. That evening, the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin and replaced with the Russian tricolour flag. The following day, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR's upper chamber, the Soviet of the Republics formally dissolved the Union.
In the aftermath of the Cold War, several of the former Soviet republics have retained close links with Russia and formed multilateral organizations such as the CIS, the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and the Union State, for economic and military cooperation. On the other hand, the Baltic states and most of the former Warsaw Pact states became part of the European Union and joined NATO, while some of the other former Soviet republics like Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova have been publicly expressing interest in following the same path since the 1990s.
The process began with growing unrest in the Union's various constituent national republics developing into an incessant political and legislative conflict between them and the central government. Estonia was the first Soviet republic to declare state sovereignty inside the Union on 16 November 1988. Lithuania was the first republic to declare full independence restored from the Soviet Union by the Act of 11 March 1990 with its Baltic neighbours and the Southern Caucasus republic of Georgia joining it in a course of two months.
In August 1991, communist hardliners and military elites tried to overthrow Gorbachev and stop the failing reforms in a coup, but failed. The turmoil led to the government in Moscow losing most of its influence, and many republics proclaiming independence in the following days and months. The secession of the Baltic states was recognized in September 1991. The Belovezh Accords were signed on 8 December by President Boris Yeltsin of Russia, President Kravchuk of Ukraine, and Chairman Shushkevich of Belarus, recognising each other's independence and creating the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to replace the Soviet Union. Kazakhstan was the last republic to leave the Union, proclaiming independence on 16 December. All the ex-Soviet republics, with the exception of Georgia and the Baltic states, joined the CIS on 21 December, signing the Alma-Ata Protocol. On 25 December, Gorbachev resigned and turned over his presidential powers—including control of the nuclear launch codes—to Yeltsin, who was now the first president of the Russian Federation. That evening, the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin and replaced with the Russian tricolour flag. The following day, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR's upper chamber, the Soviet of the Republics formally dissolved the Union.
In the aftermath of the Cold War, several of the former Soviet republics have retained close links with Russia and formed multilateral organizations such as the CIS, the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and the Union State, for economic and military cooperation. On the other hand, the Baltic states and most of the former Warsaw Pact states became part of the European Union and joined NATO, while some of the other former Soviet republics like Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova have been publicly expressing interest in following the same path since the 1990s.
comment: "The collapse of the Russian Federation is the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 21st Century" ~ Tsar Runt, "Posthumous Regrets from Hell."
➾ 2022 ..
Krumblin 2 ..
Thursday, November 24, 2022
Holodomor
The Holodomor (Голодомор: Holodomor; derived from морити голодом, moryty holodom, 'to kill by starvation'), also known as the Terror-Famine or the Great Famine, was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1932–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the country. Since 1998, Ukraine has officially observed a Holodomor Memorial Day on the fourth Saturday of November.
➾ 2023 ..
Tuesday, August 30, 2022
1931-3-2 Михаил Горбачёв 2022-8-30 □
22-9-6 Mikhail Gorbachev in-depth: from Perestroika to Putin - Vlad Chats > .
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Russian and Soviet politician. The eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, he was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He was also the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991, serving as the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and president of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. Ideologically, Gorbachev initially adhered to Marxism–Leninism, but he moved towards social democracy by the early 1990s.
Gorbachev was born in Privolnoye, Stavropol Krai, to a poor peasant family of Russian and Ukrainian heritage. Growing up under the rule of Joseph Stalin, in his youth he operated combine harvesters on a collective farm before joining the Communist Party, which then governed the Soviet Union as a one-party state according to the prevailing interpretation of Marxist–Leninist doctrine. While studying at Moscow State University, he married fellow student Raisa Titarenko in 1953 prior to receiving his law degree in 1955. Moving to Stavropol, he worked for the Komsomol youth organization and, after Stalin's death, became a keen proponent of the de-Stalinization reforms of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. He was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee in 1970, in which position he oversaw construction of the Great Stavropol Canal. In 1978, he returned to Moscow to become a Secretary of the party's Central Committee, and in 1979 joined its governing Politburo. Within three years of the death of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, following the brief regimes of Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko, the Politburo elected Gorbachev as General Secretary, the de facto head of government, in 1985.
Although committed to preserving the Soviet state and to its socialist ideals, Gorbachev believed significant reform was necessary, particularly after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. He withdrew from the Soviet–Afghan War and embarked on summits with United States president Ronald Reagan to limit nuclear weapons and end the Cold War. Domestically, his policy of glasnost ("openness") allowed for enhanced freedom of speech and press, while his perestroika ("restructuring") sought to decentralize economic decision-making to improve efficiency. His democratization measures and formation of the elected Congress of People's Deputies undermined the one-party state. Gorbachev declined to intervene militarily when various Eastern Bloc countries abandoned Marxist–Leninist governance in 1989–1990. Internally, growing nationalist sentiment threatened to break up the Soviet Union, leading Marxist–Leninist hardliners to launch the unsuccessful August Coup against Gorbachev in 1991. In the wake of this, the Soviet Union dissolved against Gorbachev's wishes and he resigned. After leaving office, he launched his Gorbachev Foundation, became a vocal critic of Russian presidents Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin, and campaigned for Russia's social-democratic movement. Gorbachev died in 2022 after a period of "severe and prolonged illness".
Widely considered one of the most significant figures of the second half of the 20th century, Gorbachev remains the subject of controversy. The recipient of a wide range of awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize, he was widely praised for his pivotal role in ending the Cold War, introducing new political and economic freedoms in the Soviet Union, and tolerating both the fall of Marxist–Leninist administrations in eastern and central Europe and the reunification of Germany. Conversely, he is often derided in Russia and the other former Soviet states for accelerating the Soviet dissolution, an event which brought a decline in Russia's global influence and precipitated an economic collapse.
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Russian and Soviet politician. The eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, he was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He was also the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991, serving as the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and president of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. Ideologically, Gorbachev initially adhered to Marxism–Leninism, but he moved towards social democracy by the early 1990s.
Gorbachev was born in Privolnoye, Stavropol Krai, to a poor peasant family of Russian and Ukrainian heritage. Growing up under the rule of Joseph Stalin, in his youth he operated combine harvesters on a collective farm before joining the Communist Party, which then governed the Soviet Union as a one-party state according to the prevailing interpretation of Marxist–Leninist doctrine. While studying at Moscow State University, he married fellow student Raisa Titarenko in 1953 prior to receiving his law degree in 1955. Moving to Stavropol, he worked for the Komsomol youth organization and, after Stalin's death, became a keen proponent of the de-Stalinization reforms of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. He was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee in 1970, in which position he oversaw construction of the Great Stavropol Canal. In 1978, he returned to Moscow to become a Secretary of the party's Central Committee, and in 1979 joined its governing Politburo. Within three years of the death of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, following the brief regimes of Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko, the Politburo elected Gorbachev as General Secretary, the de facto head of government, in 1985.
Although committed to preserving the Soviet state and to its socialist ideals, Gorbachev believed significant reform was necessary, particularly after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. He withdrew from the Soviet–Afghan War and embarked on summits with United States president Ronald Reagan to limit nuclear weapons and end the Cold War. Domestically, his policy of glasnost ("openness") allowed for enhanced freedom of speech and press, while his perestroika ("restructuring") sought to decentralize economic decision-making to improve efficiency. His democratization measures and formation of the elected Congress of People's Deputies undermined the one-party state. Gorbachev declined to intervene militarily when various Eastern Bloc countries abandoned Marxist–Leninist governance in 1989–1990. Internally, growing nationalist sentiment threatened to break up the Soviet Union, leading Marxist–Leninist hardliners to launch the unsuccessful August Coup against Gorbachev in 1991. In the wake of this, the Soviet Union dissolved against Gorbachev's wishes and he resigned. After leaving office, he launched his Gorbachev Foundation, became a vocal critic of Russian presidents Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin, and campaigned for Russia's social-democratic movement. Gorbachev died in 2022 after a period of "severe and prolonged illness".
Widely considered one of the most significant figures of the second half of the 20th century, Gorbachev remains the subject of controversy. The recipient of a wide range of awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize, he was widely praised for his pivotal role in ending the Cold War, introducing new political and economic freedoms in the Soviet Union, and tolerating both the fall of Marxist–Leninist administrations in eastern and central Europe and the reunification of Germany. Conversely, he is often derided in Russia and the other former Soviet states for accelerating the Soviet dissolution, an event which brought a decline in Russia's global influence and precipitated an economic collapse.
Wednesday, December 30, 2020
Descent into WW2
Impossible Peace - Time >> .
Events that caused the world to stand on the brink of total war in just two decades after the "War to End All Wars". Events that end with three words through a phone line: "Grandmother is dead," words that launch World War II.
Sitzkreig Hesitation ..
Sitzkreig Hesitation ..
Thursday, December 24, 2020
Monday, November 30, 2020
● Ideological Conflict
21st
2023
United Front Disruption ..Железный занавес - Iron Curtain ..2022
中国的内外政策 ..
Apostasy
2021
Anti-Conservative Shifts - UK, 21st ..Arab Spring & Winter ..
CONfucius Xuānchuán CCP Institutes ..
Propagandistic Censorship - Χίna ..
Autocracy - A History ..
Ruscism ..
Authoritarian Threats to Democracies
Coups d'État ..
Ruscism ..
China, CCP
Cai Xia ..CCP's Tech Seizure ..
Chinese Leaders ..
F***ed Up ..
Phases - XXP ..
Xi-Stan Indoctrination ..
χ Xinsanity ..
Cold War 1
"Eastern Bloc"
Ruscism ..
Economic Theory
Economic Warfare
Espionage
Fifth Column ..
Free Speech vs SoShall Just Us Whiners
North Korea
DPRK - North Korea ..Coups d'État ..
69-4-29 Enoch Powell's "River of Blood" Warning ..
Cold War Communist Disunity ..
Fifth Column ..
Κύκλος Klan ..
Ruscism ..
Terrorism ..
Alliances 21st C- Power Projection, Trade
Bolshevik ⇒ Fear
1848-2-21 Communist Manifesto ..Κύκλος Klan ..
Private Truths, Public Lies (1995) ..
Ruscism ..
Fascism
Κύκλος Klan ..
Ruscism ..
Foreign Students
Germany
Internet
War & Online DISinformation (21st) ..
Ireland, NI
The Troubles ..
Liberals vs Conservatives
Κύκλος Klan ..
Origins of L/R Labeling ..Vergangenheitsbewältigung - Coping with the past ..
Logistics, Modeling, Strategy
Churchill vs Chamberlain: Road to Dunkirk ..
Morale, PsyOps
Morale ..
Morale ..
Ruscism ..
Partisanship - USA
Patriotism vs Nationalism
Patriotism vs Nationalism (quotes) ..Ruscism ..
Religionism
● Securing Democracy 21st ..
Securing Democracy 21st Century ..
Securing Democracy 21st Century ..
Social JustUs Wokery
Social Issues
Sociopolitical Crises
Systems of Government
Terrorist Tactics
Terrorism ..UK
USA's Sociopolitical Problems
Κύκλος Klan ..
Wrong-Wing Derangement Syndrome ..USSR, Russian Federation
Ruscism ..
Warfare
Weakism
XiXiPee
Fifth Column ..
Phases - XXP ..
中国的内外政策 ..
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum
igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...
