Shadows Of The Third Reich - Sitzkrieg, The Phony War > .
WW2: The Beginning, "The Phony War" - AP > .
Phoney War, the Admiral Graf Spee and the Altmark Incident - HiGu > .
Showing posts with label axis. Show all posts
Showing posts with label axis. Show all posts
Wednesday, December 30, 2020
Sitzkreig Hesitation
Shadows Of The Third Reich - Sitzkrieg, The Phony War > .
WW2: The Beginning, "The Phony War" - AP > .
Phoney War, the Admiral Graf Spee and the Altmark Incident - HiGu > .
Thursday, December 24, 2020
Friday, September 25, 2020
Dornier Do. 335
- Maximum speed: 763 km (474 mph, 412 kn) at 6,500 m (21,300 ft)
- A-6 690 km/h (430 mph; 370 kn) at 5,300 m (17,400 ft)
- Cruise speed: 685 km (426 mph, 370 kn) at 7,200 m (23,600 ft)
- Economical cruise speed: 452 km/h (281 mph; 244 kn) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
Wednesday, September 23, 2020
Monday, August 24, 2020
Sunday, July 26, 2020
Chamberlain War Ministry
Britain Stops Trying to Appease Hitler; Turns to Churchill > .
Churchill - tb >> .
"The fateful hour has struck, Britain and Germany are at war. Members gather at the House to hear the Premier's speech.
Crowd see Count Raczynski arrive at Downing Street for talks. Mr Greenwood, Sir John Simon, Hore-Belisha arrive. Dr Kordt goes into the embassy at 21, Bryanston Square. Big Ben stands at 11am when Sir John Anderson and his wife [sic - see comments] arrived followed by Sir John Simon, Kingsley Wood and Sir Samuel Hoare. Eden arrives by car. Crowds cheer the Prime Minister. Houses of Parliament. Posters announce War as the ministers leave the house carrying gas masks, they are Sir John Anderson and Sir Kingsley Wood. Mr Chamberlain arrives back at Downing Street. Winston Churchill and Clementine Churchill also seen."
.....
On 3 September 1939, Neville Chamberlain announced his War Cabinet.
"The fateful hour has struck, Britain and Germany are at war. Members gather at the House to hear the Premier's speech.
Crowd see Count Raczynski arrive at Downing Street for talks. Mr Greenwood, Sir John Simon, Hore-Belisha arrive. Dr Kordt goes into the embassy at 21, Bryanston Square. Big Ben stands at 11am when Sir John Anderson and his wife [sic - see comments] arrived followed by Sir John Simon, Kingsley Wood and Sir Samuel Hoare. Eden arrives by car. Crowds cheer the Prime Minister. Houses of Parliament. Posters announce War as the ministers leave the house carrying gas masks, they are Sir John Anderson and Sir Kingsley Wood. Mr Chamberlain arrives back at Downing Street. Winston Churchill and Clementine Churchill also seen."
.....
On 3 September 1939, Neville Chamberlain announced his War Cabinet.
- Prime Minister: Neville Chamberlain (Cons)
- Lord Privy Seal: Sir Samuel Hoare (Cons)
- Chancellor of the Exchequer: Sir John Simon (Nat. Liberal)
- Foreign Secretary: Viscount Halifax (Cons)
- Secretary of State for War: Leslie Hore-Belisha (Nat. Liberal)
- Secretary of State for Air: Sir Kingsley Wood (Cons)
- First Lord of the Admiralty: Winston Churchill (Cons)
- Minister for the Coordination of Defence: Lord Chatfield (Nat.)
- Minister without Portfolio: Lord Hankey (Nat. )
Dominated largely by Conservative ministers who served under Chamberlain's National Government between 1937 and 1939, the additions of Lord Hankey (a former Cabinet Secretary from the First World War) and Winston Churchill (strong anti-appeaser) seemed to give the Cabinet more balance. Unlike Lloyd George's War Cabinet, the members of this one were also heads of Government Departments.
In January 1940, after disagreements with the Chiefs of Staff, Hore-Belisha resigned from the National Government, refusing a move to the post of President of the Board of Trade. He was succeeded by Oliver Stanley.
It was originally the practice for the Chiefs of Staff to attend all military discussions of the Chamberlain War Cabinet. Churchill became uneasy with this, as he felt that when they attended they did not confine their comments to purely military issues. To overcome this, a Military Co-ordination Committee was set up, consisting of the three Service ministers normally chaired by Lord Chatfield. This together with the Service chiefs would co-ordinate the strategic ideas of 'top hats' and 'brass' and agree strategic proposals to put forward to the War Cabinet. Unfortunately, except when chaired by the Prime Minister, the Military Co-ordinating Committee lacked sufficient authority to override a Minister "fighting his corner". When Churchill took over from Chatfield, whilst continuing to represent the Admiralty, this introduced additional problems, and did little to improve the pre-existing ones. Chamberlain announced a further change in arrangements in the Norway debate, but this (and the Military Co-ordination Committee) was overtaken by events, the Churchill War Cabinet being run on rather different principles.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_cabinet#Chamberlain_war_ministry .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamberlain_war_ministry .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Government_(1937%E2%80%931939) .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_cabinet#Chamberlain_war_ministry .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamberlain_war_ministry .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Government_(1937%E2%80%931939) .
Friday, May 29, 2020
Politics of Europe - 1900-2020
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History of the Cold War: Every Month - Dec '45 to Dec '91 > .Berlin Wall: Escaping for Freedom and Love - Geographics > .
Ruscism ..
Imperialism w
The policy of extending the rule over other peoples and countries, often through the use of hard power and military force.
Monarchism w
The advocacy of monarchical rule or monarchy as a form of government, led by a King or Queen for example.
Nazism w
Also known as Nationalsocialism - A form of Fascism which holds the people/nation superior to the individual, also advocates anti-semitism, anti-communism and scientific racism.
Fascism w
A form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and strong regimentation of the society and economy.
Neofascism w
A post-World War II ideology inspired by Fascsim. Usually advocates racial supremacy, populism and xenophobia.
Authoritarianism w
Rejection of political plurality and democracy in favour of a strong central power to preserve the political status quo.
Populism w
A range of political stances emphasising ¨the people¨ against ¨the elite¨, often viewed as having simplified politics with the aim of attracting more followers.
Nationalism w
Promotion of a single national identity on the basis of a shared culture and history, it holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference.
Conservatism w
Aims for societal stability and continuity in the context of culture and civilization, achieved through the promotion and preservation of traditions, hierarchies, authority and property rights.
Christian Democracy w
A combination of modern democratic ideas and traditional Christian values, often considered centre-right on cultural, social and moral issues, though centre-left economically.
Anti-Communism w
A political movement or ideology chiefly opposed to communism and/or communist oppression
Localism (politics), (Fiscal Localism) w
The policy of prioritizing the local. For example the local production and consumption of goods, local control of the government, and promotion of local history, culture and identity.
Liberalism w
Liberalism advocates liberty for the individual and equality before the law, and generally also capitalism, democracy, secularism, gender equality and internationalism.
Libertarianism w
Libertarianism seeks to maximize individual autonomy and political freedom from the state. The moral worth of the individual and liberty are its core principles.
Centrism w
The political acceptance or support of a balance between the political left and the right, social equality and social hierarchy, while opposing significant shifts to either side.
Big tent w
The policy of permitting or encouraging a broad spectrum of views as opposed to a single ideology.
Green politics w
Aims to foster an ecologically sustainable society rooted in environmentalism, nonviolence, social justice and grassroots democracy.
Agrarianism w
Agrarianism is a philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society and the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker.
Anticlericalism w
Related to Secularism, aims to minimize religious authority in the public sector.
Revolutionary Democracy w
The implementation of democracy in a previously non-democratic government through revolutionary means.
Socialism w
A broad range of views characterised by social ownership of the means of production as well as the belief that what is best for the collective is best for the individual.
Communism w
Communism aims to establish a classless and stateless society characterized by the common ownership of the means of production with free access to its products based on needs.
non-specific
A political party or candidate which is not associated with any specific ideology.
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Mapping WW2 in Europe
World War I - summary of the "Great War" - GeHi > .
Interbellum, WW2, and aftermath:
From post-WW1 humiliation to defeat of nationalist belligerence in WW2 > .
World War II in Europe: Every Day > .
42 maps that explain World War II - Vox:
Changing the Map of Europe Back to 1914 - AcCe > .
Changing the Map of Europe Back to 1933 - AcCe > .
The Cold War - summary of main stages of conflict - GeHi > .
42 maps that explain World War II - Vox:
Changing the Map of Europe Back to 1914 - AcCe > .
Changing the Map of Europe Back to 1933 - AcCe > .
The Cold War - summary of main stages of conflict - GeHi > .
Saturday, May 16, 2020
Friday, May 15, 2020
40-5-10 Benelux Invasion & Battle of France 44-6-6
The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War. In the six weeks from 10 May 1940, German forces defeated Allied forces by mobile operations and conquered France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, bringing land operations on the Western Front to an end until 6 June 1944. Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940 and invaded France over the Alps.
In Fall Gelb (Case Yellow), German armoured units pushed through the Ardennes and then along the Somme valley, cutting off and surrounding the Allied units that had advanced into Belgium, to meet the expected German invasion. When British, Belgian and French forces were pushed back to the sea by the mobile and well-organised German operation, the British evacuated the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and French divisions from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo.
German forces began Fall Rot (Case Red) on 5 June. The sixty remaining French divisions and two British divisions made a determined resistance but were unable to overcome the German air superiority and armoured mobility. German tanks outflanked the Maginot Line and pushed deep into France, occupying Paris unopposed on 14 June. After the flight of the French government and the collapse of the French army, German commanders met with French officials on 18 June to negotiate an end to hostilities.
On 22 June, the Second Armistice at Compiègne was signed by France and Germany. The neutral Vichy government led by Marshal Philippe Pétain superseded the Third Republic and Germany occupied the north and west coasts of France and their hinterlands. Italy took control of a small occupation zone in the south-east and the Vichy regime retained the unoccupied territory in the south, known as the zone libre. In November 1942, the Germans occupied the zone under Case Anton (Fall Anton), until the Allied liberation in 1944.
Monday, May 11, 2020
Saturday, April 11, 2020
Resistance Leaders
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Portrait Galleries - WW2 >> .Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito > .
Poland Stefan Rowecki > .
France Jean Moulin > .
Netherlands Walraven van Hall > .
Friday, December 13, 2019
1939-5-22 Pact of Steel
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1939-5-22 Pact of Steel signed between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy - HiP > .The Pact of Steel, which was officially known as the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy, further aligned the two authoritarian regimes within Europe. The agreement stipulated that the two countries would support each other militarily and politically in the event of war, promising mutual assistance and collaboration.
The timing of the Pact of Steel was significant, as it came at a time of escalating tensions in Europe and amid growing fears of another major conflict. With Nazi Germany already having annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia, and Italy having expanded its empire in Africa, the pact further emboldened both regimes in their aggressive pursuit of territorial expansion and dominance in Europe. Nevertheless the pact was based on the assumption that war would not occur for at least three years. Consequently the outbreak of the Second World War, following the German invasion of Poland, just 6 months later caught Italy by surprise and contributed to their delayed entry into the conflict.
Nevertheless the signing of the Pact of Steel had far-reaching consequences for the course of World War II, as it cemented relationship between Germany and Italy, and together with two other agreements formed the basis of the Axis alliance.
The pact was initially drafted as a tripartite military alliance between Japan, Italy and Germany. While Japan wanted the focus of the pact to be aimed at the Soviet Union, Italy and Germany wanted the focus of it to be aimed at the British Empire and France. Due to this disagreement, the pact was signed without Japan and as a result, it became an agreement which only existed between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, signed on 22 May 1939 by foreign ministers Galeazzo Ciano of Italy and Joachim von Ribbentrop of Germany.
Together with the Anti-Comintern Pact and the Tripartite Pact, the Pact of Steel was one of the three agreements forming the main basis of the Axis alliance. The pact consisted of two parts. The first section was an open declaration of continuing trust and co-operation between Germany and Italy. The second section, the "Secret Supplementary Protocol", encouraged a union of policies concerning the military and the economy.
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Friday, November 1, 2019
40-7-10 Battle of Britain Begins
How RAF Prepared For Luftwaffe's Offensive | Battle Of Britain | Timeline > .
Radar developments > .
Bizarre Origins of Radar Technology - Time > .
Battle of Britain and Artie Holmes' Hurricane - HiGu > .
Radar developments > .
Bizarre Origins of Radar Technology - Time > .
Battle of Britain and Artie Holmes' Hurricane - HiGu > .
13 Hours That Saved Britain > .
Battle of Britain 3 | Their Finest Hour (WW2 Doc) - Time > .
The Battle of Britain was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe. It has been described as the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces. The British officially recognise the battle's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940, which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as The Blitz, that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941. German historians do not accept this subdivision and regard the Luftschlacht um England (Air Battle for England) as a single campaign lasting from July 1940 to June 1941, including the Blitz.Battle of Britain 3 | Their Finest Hour (WW2 Doc) - Time > .
The Kanalkampf (Channel fight) was the German term for air operations by the Luftwaffe against the British Royal Air Force (RAF) over the English Channel in July 1940. The air operations over the channel began the Battle of Britain during the Second World War. By 25 June, the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia. Britain rejected peace overtures and on 16 July, Adolf Hitler issued Directive 16 to the Wehrmacht (German armed forces), ordering preparations for the invasion of Britain, under the codename Unternehmen Seelöwe (Operation Sea Lion).
The Germans needed air superiority over southern England before the invasion and the Luftwaffe was to destroy the RAF, assume command of the skies and protect the cross-channel invasion from the Royal Navy. To engage RAF Fighter Command, the Luftwaffe attacked convoys in the English Channel. ... British and German writers and historians acknowledge that air battles were fought over the Channel between the Battle of France and Battle of Britain; deliberate German attacks against British coastal targets and convoys began on 4 July. During the Kanalkampf, the Luftwaffe received modest support from shore artillery and the E-Boats of the Kriegsmarine (German navy).
Fighter Command could not protect adequately the convoys; the Germans sank several British and neutral ships and shot down a considerable number of British fighters. The Royal Navy was forced to suspend the sailing of large convoys in Channel waters and close it to ocean-going vessels until more protection could be arranged, which took several weeks. On 1 August, Hitler issued Directive 17, extending Luftwaffe operations to the British mainland and RAF-related targets and on Adlertag (Eagle Day, 13 August) the main air offensive against the RAF began. The Kanalkampf had drawn out Fighter Command as intended and convoy attacks continued for several more days. Both sides had suffered losses but the Luftwaffe failed to inflict a decisive defeat on Fighter Command and the RAF; the Luftwaffe had yet to gain air superiority for Operation Sea Lion.
Directive 17, August 1, 1940, Battle of Britain, Full text .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Adolf_Hitler%27s_directives .
ASV AI RDF ..
Battle of Britain & RDF ..
Blitz ..
Bomb Sight Site ..
40-5-10 Chamberlain out, Churchill in, Invasion of 4 Neutral Nations
40-5-10 Chamberlain out, Churchill in > .
Britain Stops Trying to Appease Hitler; Turns to Churchill > .
1940 Invasion of Iceland - thg > .
Iceland by Royal Marines; Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands attacked by Nazis.
WW2 - Week by Week >> .
WW2 - Week by Week >> .
The campaign against the Low Countries and France lasted less than six weeks. Germany attacked in the west on May 10, 1940. Initially, British and French commanders had believed that German forces would attack through central Belgium as they had in World War I, and rushed forces to the Franco-Belgian border to meet the German attack. The main German attack however, went through the Ardennes Forest in southeastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. German tanks and infantry quickly broke through the French defensive lines and advanced to the coast.
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum
igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...
