Showing posts with label transport. Show all posts
Showing posts with label transport. Show all posts
Wednesday, July 31, 2024
Tuesday, July 16, 2024
Middle Corridor
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23-1-18 Middle Corridor (TITR) is a geopolitical game-changer - Caspian > .Stans - Central Pivot - Compass >> .
The Middle Corridor, also called TITR (Trans-Caspian International Transport Route), is a trade route from Southeast Asia and China to Europe via Kazakhstan, Caspian Sea (using train ferries to cross the Caspian), Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey.[2] It is an alternative to the Northern Corridor to the north through Russia, and the Ocean Route to the south, via the Suez Canal. Geographically, the Middle Corridor is the shortest route between Western China and Europe. It is undergoing major developments in parts, with the Trans-Kazakhstan railroad completed in 2014 and the Baku–Tbilisi–Kars (BTK) railway operational in 2017.
In 2022, the Middle Corridor's cargo doubled to 1.5 million tons, while the Northern Route's shipping volume declined by 34%. However, obstacles to the further use of the Middle Corridor include the limited capacities of seaports and railways, the absence of a unified tariff structure and single operator, and the alignment of geopolitics along the route.
Since the Russo-Ukrainian war began in February 2014, cargo traffic in the Middle Corridor has grown to nearly 3.2 million tons in 2022 as goods shifted from the Northern Corridor. Turkey positions itself as a key player between China and Europe through the Organization of Turkic States for the Middle Corridor, with cargo transportation increasing six-fold in the last decade. Since 2022, China also increased its involvement in the Middle Corridor projects, signing agreements with Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, to develop infrastructure along the route.
In 2022, the Middle Corridor's cargo doubled to 1.5 million tons, while the Northern Route's shipping volume declined by 34%. However, obstacles to the further use of the Middle Corridor include the limited capacities of seaports and railways, the absence of a unified tariff structure and single operator, and the alignment of geopolitics along the route.
Since the Russo-Ukrainian war began in February 2014, cargo traffic in the Middle Corridor has grown to nearly 3.2 million tons in 2022 as goods shifted from the Northern Corridor. Turkey positions itself as a key player between China and Europe through the Organization of Turkic States for the Middle Corridor, with cargo transportation increasing six-fold in the last decade. Since 2022, China also increased its involvement in the Middle Corridor projects, signing agreements with Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, to develop infrastructure along the route.
Saturday, July 13, 2024
Thursday, July 11, 2024
Sunday, May 26, 2024
Canada - Trade
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24-7-16 (Failed) Race For The Arctic - gtbt > .
24-7-1 P00ti lost Ruscia's Arctic dominance to Xina & Baltic NATO forces | Forces > .24-7-22 LNG Canada - B1M > .
24-4-20 Canadian Defense Spending is a Joke | Solutions? - Waro > .23-7-23 Arctic is heating fast! - Just > . Arctic Straits > .
...
1 CE to 2024 Mapping History of the Arctic - Tigerstar > .
Canada ..
Canada - Economy ..
Canada - Geopolitics ..
Canada - Security ..
Canada - Trade ..
Power Projection - US Military ..
USA's Borders ..
Saturday, July 24, 2021
ECE - Economic Corridors - Europe
24-3-14 German-Polish Tensions - Modern > .
22-12-30 Most disappointing politicians - VisPol > .
22-10-14 HUNGARY | The West's Enemy Within? - J K-L > .
Geostrategic Projection
EU 2023 ..
The Blue Banana (also known as the European Megalopolis or the Liverpool–Milan Axis) is a discontinuous corridor of urbanization spreading over Western and Central Europe, with a population of around 111 million. The concept was developed in 1989 by RECLUS, a group of French geographers managed by Roger Brunet.
It stretches approximately from North Wales through the English Midlands across Greater London to the European Metropolis of Lille, the Benelux states and along the German Rhineland, Southern Germany, Alsace-Moselle in France in the west and Switzerland (Basel and Zürich) to Northern Italy (Milan and Turin) in the south.
The Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) is a planned network of roads, railways, airports and water infrastructure in the European Union. The TEN-T network is part of a wider system of Trans-European Networks (TENs), including a telecommunications network (eTEN) and a proposed energy network (TEN-E or Ten-Energy). The European Commission adopted the first action plans on trans-European networks in 1990.
TEN-T envisages coordinated improvements to primary roads, railways, inland waterways, airports, seaports, inland ports and traffic management systems, providing integrated and intermodal long-distance, high-speed routes. A decision to adopt TEN-T was made by the European Parliament and Council in July 1996.[2] The EU works to promote the networks by a combination of leadership, coordination, issuance of guidelines and funding aspects of development.
These projects are technically and financially managed by the Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA), which superseded the Trans-European Transport Network Executive Agency Agency (TEN-T EA) on 31 December 2013. The tenth and newest project, the Strasbourg-Danube Corridor, was announced for the 2014–2020 financial period.
It stretches approximately from North Wales through the English Midlands across Greater London to the European Metropolis of Lille, the Benelux states and along the German Rhineland, Southern Germany, Alsace-Moselle in France in the west and Switzerland (Basel and Zürich) to Northern Italy (Milan and Turin) in the south.
TEN-T envisages coordinated improvements to primary roads, railways, inland waterways, airports, seaports, inland ports and traffic management systems, providing integrated and intermodal long-distance, high-speed routes. A decision to adopt TEN-T was made by the European Parliament and Council in July 1996.[2] The EU works to promote the networks by a combination of leadership, coordination, issuance of guidelines and funding aspects of development.
These projects are technically and financially managed by the Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA), which superseded the Trans-European Transport Network Executive Agency Agency (TEN-T EA) on 31 December 2013. The tenth and newest project, the Strasbourg-Danube Corridor, was announced for the 2014–2020 financial period.
In addition to the various TENs, there are ten Pan-European corridors, which are paths between major urban centres and ports, mainly in Eastern Europe, that have been identified as requiring major investment.
The international E-road network is a naming system for major roads in Europe managed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. It numbers roads with a designation beginning with "E" (such as "E1").
The international E-road network is a naming system for major roads in Europe managed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. It numbers roads with a designation beginning with "E" (such as "E1").
- Belt and Road Initiative .
- Demographics of Europe .
- Four Motors for Europe .
- Golden Banana .
- List of metropolitan areas in the European Union by GDP .
- Northeast Megalopolis Similar region in the United States .
- Berlin–Palermo railway axis .
- Messina Bridge .
- Transport in Europe .
- TRACECA .
https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
https://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes...
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-conte...
https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/...
https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/...
https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/...
https://ec.europa.eu/eu-external-inve...
https://ecfr.eu/podcasts/episode/euro...
https://ecfr.eu/article/trump-biden-a...
https://www.kas.de/documents/282499/2...
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/press...
https://tunnelingonline.com/megaproje...
https://chinadialogue.net/en/transpor...
https://ec.europa.eu/transport/infras...
https://www.dw.com/en/building-africa...
https://www.eib.org/en/essays/the-sto...
https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/...
https://www.portseurope.com/constanta...
Saturday, March 20, 2021
Inland Waterways
23-9-4 Rivers Make America Rich - Versed > .
24-12-3 Mississippi Floods & Droughts - America's Geographic Flaw - Map Pack > .
24-4-3 Maritime Chokepoints: Panama Canal, Red Sea & Baltimore - Shipping > .
The Merchant Marine Act of 1920 is a United States federal statute that provides for the promotion and maintenance of the American merchant marine. Among other purposes, the law regulates maritime commerce in U.S. waters and between U.S. ports. Section 27 of the Merchant Marine Act is known as the Jones Act and deals with cabotage (coastwise trade). It requires that all goods transported by water between U.S. ports be carried on ships that have been constructed in the United States and that fly the U.S. flag, are owned by U.S. citizens, and are crewed by U.S. citizens and U.S. permanent residents. The act was introduced by Senator Wesley Jones. The law also defines certain seaman's rights.
The Merchant Marine Act of 1920 has been revised a number of times; the most recent revision in 2006 included recodification in the U.S. Code.
Many economists and other experts have argued for its repeal, while military and U.S. Department of Commerce officials have spoken in favor of the law on protectionist grounds. The Act reduces domestic trade via waterways (relative to other forms of trade) and increases consumer prices.
The Jones Act is not to be confused with: the Death on the High Seas Act (another U.S. maritime law that does not apply to coastal and in-land navigable waters), or the Passenger Vessel Services Act of 1886 (which regulates passenger vessels, including cruise ships).
The Jones Act: A Burden America Can No Longer Bear c
23-10-31 Jones Act vs Reviving Water Transport in USA || Peter Zeihan > .
Gulf, Caribbean
Russia
>> Cartography, Geography >>>The Merchant Marine Act of 1920 has been revised a number of times; the most recent revision in 2006 included recodification in the U.S. Code.
Many economists and other experts have argued for its repeal, while military and U.S. Department of Commerce officials have spoken in favor of the law on protectionist grounds. The Act reduces domestic trade via waterways (relative to other forms of trade) and increases consumer prices.
The Jones Act is not to be confused with: the Death on the High Seas Act (another U.S. maritime law that does not apply to coastal and in-land navigable waters), or the Passenger Vessel Services Act of 1886 (which regulates passenger vessels, including cruise ships).
Tuesday, October 13, 2020
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Global Transportation System - US Military
22-10-5 US Military’s Massive Global Transportation System - Wendover > .
24-9-21 How drones change America's future war in the Pacific - Kamome > .
24-5-25 Can Ruscia "Slaughter Us" as Royce Lopez Claims - Ryan McBeth > .
24-2-25 Impact on Global Trade: Disruptions in Red Sea, Black Sea, Panama Canal > .
> EcWarfare >>
Global Transportation System - US Military ..
Monday, April 15, 2019
National Loaf
The National Loaf was an unpopular government-regulated and -mandated loaf of bread distributed in Britain from April 6, 1942. National Loaf bread was made from wholemeal flour with added calcium and vitamins. It was introduced in Britain in 1942 by the Federation of Bakers (FOB), set up in 1942 to produce the National Loaf.
https://howitreallywas.typepad.com/how_it_really_was/bread_rationing/ .
The loaf, similar to today's brown bread, was made from wholemeal flour to combat wartime shortages of white flour. The National Loaf was grey, mushy and unappetising; only one person in seven preferred it to white bread, which became unavailable. The government insisted on modifying flour because it saved space in shipping food to Britain, allowed better utilization of existing stocks of wheat, and discouraged the immoderate consumption of bread. The loaf was abolished in October 1956.
“National wheatmeal flour” was unbleached flour of 85% extraction from hulled wheat grains, where 85% meant that 100 kg of wheat grains yielded 85 kg of flour. The flour included the starchy endosperm, the wheat germ, and the bran, with the coarser bran extracted. White flour is generally around 70% extraction, yielding 70 kg. Thus, increasing to 85% extraction rate provided an extra 15 kg of flour from that wheat. National Flour was consequently similar to wholemeal (aka wholewheat) flour, but with some of the coarser bran removed. For bread-making, some white flour was added.
White flour was still produced and imported during the war, but it could only be obtained by food manufacturers for items such as biscuits, cakes, etc, or for mixing in small quantities into 85% extraction flour to make National Flour. Flour milled in Britain, whether from domestically-grown or imported wheat, was 80% extraction (by 1945.) Imported already-milled flour was 75% extraction. To make National Flour, the imported flour was mixed in with domestic flour at a rate of about 15% imported, 85% domestic. In Scotland, for some varieties of national bread such as batch bread, etc, bakers were allowed to mix in up to an extra 12 1/2 % of imported flour.
Although other food stuffs had been rationed since January 8 1940, the British government was reluctant to ration wheat or bread. Faced with shortages, the Ministry of Food reduced the amount of imported wheat required in the production of unrationed bread. Their compromise was the creation of “National Wheatmeal Flour” or “National Flour” in the spring of 1942.
“National wheatmeal flour” was unbleached flour of 85% extraction from hulled wheat grains, where 85% meant that 100 kg of wheat grains yielded 85 kg of flour. The flour included the starchy endosperm, the wheat germ, and the bran, with the coarser bran extracted. White flour is generally around 70% extraction, yielding 70 kg. Thus, increasing to 85% extraction rate provided an extra 15 kg of flour from that wheat. National Flour was consequently similar to wholemeal (aka wholewheat) flour, but with some of the coarser bran removed. For bread-making, some white flour was added.
Wednesday, December 26, 2018
C5G - Lockheed C-5 Galaxy
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The C-5 Galaxy's development was complicated, including significant cost overruns, and Lockheed suffered significant financial difficulties. Shortly after entering service, cracks in the wings of many aircraft were discovered and the C-5 fleet was restricted in capability until corrective work was completed. The C-5M Super Galaxy is an upgraded version with new engines and modernized avionics designed to extend its service life to 2040 and beyond.
The USAF has operated the C-5 since 1969. In that time, the airlifter supported US military operations in all major conflicts including Vietnam, Iraq, Yugoslavia, and Afghanistan, as well as allied support, such as Israel during the Yom Kippur War and operations in the Gulf War. The Galaxy has also distributed humanitarian aid, provided disaster relief, and supported the US space program.
Thursday, December 20, 2018
Imperial Airways
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1920s Aviation Boom: Birth Of Commercial Aviation | Early Aviation | Spark > .
Imperial Airways was the early British commercial long-range airline, operating from 1924 to 1939 and principally serving the British Empire routes to South Africa, India and the Far East, including Australia, Malaya and Hong Kong. The airplanes provided seats for about 20 passengers, typically businessman or colonial administrators. Accidents were frequent: in the first six years, 32 people died in seven incidents. Imperial Airways never achieved the levels of technological innovation of its competitors, and was merged into the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) in 1939. BOAC in turn merged with the British European Airways (BEA) in 1974 to form British Airways.
The establishment of Imperial Airways occurred in the context of facilitating overseas settlement by making travel to and from the colonies quicker, and that flight would also speed up colonial government and trade that was until then dependent upon ships. The launch of the airline followed a burst of air route surveying in the British Empire after the First World War, and after some experimental (and often dangerous) long-distance flying to the margins of Empire.
Imperial Airways were the forerunner of BOAC, BEA and the British Airways of today. In 1924, the British Government amalgamated many of the complicated array of pioneering small British airlines into one company, Imperial Airways. Original newsreels give us a fascinating and detailed insight into early operations from London s first airport in Croydon - At first, the passengers flew in comfort while the pilot still sat in an open cockpit! By 1926, there were whole fleets of airliners and new flying boats were commissioned. Amy Johnson arrived from Australia in 1929 and by 1930 the new Handley Page four-engined airliners became reality. Pioneering is dangerous - as the R-101 Airship crash proved to the airlines. Imperial Airways even experimented with a radio link between The Flying Scotsman and one of its aircraft. Imperial Airways flew the first car and even transmitted Jack Hylton and his band live from the air. Throughout the 1930s, Imperial Airways kept expanding throughout the Empire over to Australia. We spend 24 hours in Sharjah and witness a nasty crash at Croydon! 1936 saw the birth of the new giant Empire flying boats and in 1937, Imperial Airways became air partners with Pan American and trans-oceanic flying was born. The hazards of ice, early air-to-air refuelling and the Short Mayo Composite aircraft are also shown and explained. Aircraft included : Handley Page W8, W9, W10 and HP42. Armstrong Whitworth Argosy and Atalanta. De Havilland DH50, DH66, DH86, DH91 and Albatross. Short S.8 'Calcutta', S.23 & S.30 'Empire' Flying Boats and the Mayo Composite The R-101 Airship and the Lockheed Electra
Comment: First flight of the Handley-Page HP.42, November 14, 1930, from Handley-Page Aerodrome, Radlett, Herts. The "German challenge" was the Junkers G.38, a 30-seat monoplane which first flew late in 1929. The famous Dornier Do X flying boat was of course much larger, but not a land plane.
As Mr Handley-Page points out, the liner came in 2 models: HP.42E for the eastern air routes (Cairo based), carrying 24 passengers plus extra freight and mails, and HP.42W for the western (European) routes, capacity 40 passengers. Four of each type were built, serving with Imperial Airways from 1931-'39 and then impressed into the RAF. All were destroyed in various accidents by 1941, including the herein featured "Hannibal", lost at sea with 8 aboard over the Gulf of Oman in 1940.
Friday, September 14, 2018
Sunday, September 9, 2018
Monday, November 27, 2017
Bradford Exchange Railway Station
1846-7-1 to 1967-10-2 Lost in Time: Bradford Exchange - Ruairidh MacVeigh > .
Sunday, November 26, 2017
Canals of London
Barging Through Old London in 1924 > .
Modern London's Regents Canal - Little Venice to Camden Lock - Joolz > .
Take a trip on a horse-drawn towing barge from Limehouse into old Central London! The trip goes over the Regents Canal from Limehouse, via the Wharves of East London, Mile End Road, Various locks, White Chapel, Heartford Union Canal, Old Ford, Acton's Lock, Hackney, through Islington Tunnel, passes under the New River, over the GNR at Kingscross, under the Midland at St.Pancras, Kentish Town, Alpine Chalet, through Regents Park and London Zoo and ends at Paddington Basin just off Edgeware Road. Viewers have reported that this route can still be followed, either by boat or by following the old paths for the horses to draw the barges through the canal until about 50 years ago. It is remarkable how much of this film can still be recognized today. 00:00 Regents Canal Dock in Limehouse 00:13 The barge is transporting 85 tons of coal 00:33 Wharves of East London 01:00 Under Mile End Road 01:22 Another lock, raising the barge by 6 feet 01:53 Whitechapel 02:16 Heartford Union Canal; River Lee branches off to Bishops Stortford 02:40 Rural scenery at Old Ford 03:10 Acton's Lock by London Fields 03:40 Through Hackney 03:53 Past City Basin 04:20 Through Islington Tunnel, assisted by steam tug, near Angel 04:32 The tunnel is 1.2 km long, takes half an hour 04:45 End of Islington Tunnel 04:58 Over the Great Northern Railway at Kings Cross 05:27 Under the Midland at St.Pancras 05:48 Kentish Town 06:10 Lock keeper's Alpine Chalet 06:20 The 12th lock since leaving Limehouse 06:38 Camden Lock 06:50 Under the old London and Western Main Line 07:00 Primose Hill (Lovey's central) 07:08 Through Regents Park 07:18 Through London Zoo 07:44 Another tunnel without the help of a tug 07:54 Gilbeys Wharf and the old Camden Goods Station 08:18 Hard work without the assistance of Dobbin the horse 08:35 End of the journey at Paddington Basin, near Edgware Road 08:49 The End
If you want to see what the Regents Canal looks like today, please watch the great Joolz Guides Youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_Lp9... .
Tuesday, November 21, 2017
Hamble - ATA Ferry Pool (No 15)
An ATA Ferry Pool started at Hamble in September 1940, lead by
Captain Brian Wardle, and at the beginning it was a sub-pool of No 1
Ferry Pool, but soon it became No 15 Ferry Pool and a year later
became an all-women Ferry Pool.
https://www.hugofox.com/shared/attachments.asp?f=32006ca2-033b-4b1f-9bdb-3b78a49f7a0e.pdf .
https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/people/hambles-female-ww2-pilots-7286014 .
Friday, November 17, 2017
Saturday, November 11, 2017
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum
igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...
