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24-12-5 Why France’s government just collapsed | About That | CBC > .
Showing posts with label France. Show all posts
Showing posts with label France. Show all posts
Wednesday, December 4, 2024
Saturday, November 2, 2024
Terrorism 2024
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24-10-16 How Egypt’s Army Smoked ISIS - T&P > .24-8-22 Hamas’ Exploitation of Schools - IDF > .24-7-29 Terror Attack is [Likely] - Preston > .
24-7-22 Red Sea & Black Sea - Shipping > .
24-6-6 Egypt is a Ticking Time Bomb - gtbt > . skip > .
24-4-8 Ruscia, America, & West: Security Concerns = Islamic Radicalism - TBN > .24-4-8 [Hamiganda]: How Terrorists in Gaza Manipulate the World - IDF > .
24-4-25 Red Sea | US Strategy Against the Houthis - Shipping > .Resisting Terrorists - αλλο >> .
This is your brain on terrorism - Vox > .
24-3-6 Could the Mossad Have Stopped Iran? | Unpacked > .
24-3-5 Alliance Between Venezuela and Iran - IDF > .
24-2-25 Iran's Bold Claim on Antarctica & Egypt's Gaza Barrier | TBN > .24-3-5 Alliance Between Venezuela and Iran - IDF > .
24-2-8 The Hezbollah-Iran Alliance - IDF > .
23-2-27 Alternate Techniques to Fight Pirates in Mid-Ocean - Fluctus > ....
23-10-10 Hamas: Gazan terrorist militants behind atrocities in Israel | ABC > .
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16-8-23 NATO NOW - Fighting Terrorism > .
Iranian Military
24-9-30 Iranian Military: Israel Shouldn’t Underestimate It - Warographics > .24-7-22 Red Sea & Black Sea - Shipping > .
24-7-22 Red Sea & Black Sea - Shipping > .
U$A/NATO
Most modern terrorist attacks occur in Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Syria.
Versus Terrorism ..
Most terrorism experts would probably agree that terrorism is an ideologically non-specific tactic, used to achieve political change, and in play since prehistoric times. It is non-specific (neutral), although not necessarily acceptable, in that it has been used by militants embracing most political ideologies – except for pacifism – and by authoritarian as well as liberal states such as Great Britain, France and the USA.
Although no universally accepted definition exists, there is agreement about its main elements. Terrorism is the threat or use of violence, it is politically or ideologically motivated and the violence is used to communicate a message of political change and intimidation to individuals or groups beyond its immediate victims. In short, terrorism is best understood as violence used as a form of politicalcommunication manipulation.
On the last day of February 1884, the then home secretary Sir William Harcourt rose in the UK parliament to answer a question about a series of bomb attacks on two of London’s major railway stations. He read out details of an initial investigation of two bombs, one which had detonated at Victoria Station and another which had been discovered, unexploded, at Charing Cross.
The bombs, which had been deposited in the stations’ left luggage offices, were of a similar design, and resembled the remains of bombs that had detonated, Harcourt said, in Glasgow, Liverpool and elsewhere in London. The unexploded device, discovered by a vigilant ticket clerk at Charing Cross, and the remains of the bomb that had detonated at Victoria were rushed to the Woolwich Arsenal.
In the second half of the 19th century, European anarchism introduced the idea of “propaganda by deed” as a tactic of anti-government resistance. This consisted of the assassination of government officials and bomb attacks in public places such as cafes and theatres.
Although anarchist attacks were actually more common in continental Europe, England was an important hub for anarchist thought. The less restrictive laws of the United Kingdom made it a haven for radicals fleeing political repression in their own countries.
In the same period, the heavy death toll of the Great Famine in Ireland from 1846 to 1852 prompted calls for Irish home rule and resulted in the formation of networks of radical revolutionaries, the Fenians.
Although the largest Fenian campaigns were waged in Canada and in Ireland itself, attacks within England included the bombing of Clerkenwell Prison in London in 1867, in which 12 people were killed and more than 100 injured. The result was a severe backlash by British authorities and the public, which undermined the political reforms that would have made future attacks less likely.
The first examples of people being labelled “terrorists” were almost exclusively reserved for acts of non-Western terrorism. When terrorist tactics were used against governments and civilians in Western Europe or the USA – by Fenians and anarchists or anti-colonial separatists in British India, for example – "terrorism" was generally not mentioned. Instead, such violence was more often described in terms of "outrage" or "assassination".
This is despite the fact that these groups used the same terrorist tactics and technologies as the Russian terrorists. The new terminology was apparently reserved for the Russian revolutionary cause. It was only after WW1 that these other forms of terrorism in and against Western governments started to more generally be labelled as "terrorism".
Although no universally accepted definition exists, there is agreement about its main elements. Terrorism is the threat or use of violence, it is politically or ideologically motivated and the violence is used to communicate a message of political change and intimidation to individuals or groups beyond its immediate victims. In short, terrorism is best understood as violence used as a form of political
...
Although modern terrorism followed the emergence of modern mass politics and mass media, terrorist violence has probably been used as a political tactic since time immemorial. The Jewish Zealots and the Islamic Assassins were ancient terrorists. They used violence to communicate messages of freedom from opposition and resistance to submission....
Terrorism’s modern meaning and use to label an intentional political tactic came with the French Revolution. During The Terror, Robespierre described it as a virtuous form of violence, to be used by the new revolutionary democratic state against its domestic enemies.
Following this, the labels of terrorism and terrorists were used by 19th century newspapers to describe intimidation and violence by states against their subjects, such as “the terrorism practiced by the police” in Russia and the “oppressive system of military terrorism” in Poland.
Modern terrorism, which implies the systematic use of violence against the state, rather than by it, emerged in Europe in the 1870s. The person generally recognised as the first terrorist was the 26-year-old social revolutionary Vera Zasulich, who shot the Governor of St Petersburg in 1878 to protest the Russian state’s repression of domestic political protest.
Terrorism’s modern meaning and use to label an intentional political tactic came with the French Revolution. During The Terror, Robespierre described it as a virtuous form of violence, to be used by the new revolutionary democratic state against its domestic enemies.
Following this, the labels of terrorism and terrorists were used by 19th century newspapers to describe intimidation and violence by states against their subjects, such as “the terrorism practiced by the police” in Russia and the “oppressive system of military terrorism” in Poland.
Modern terrorism, which implies the systematic use of violence against the state, rather than by it, emerged in Europe in the 1870s. The person generally recognised as the first terrorist was the 26-year-old social revolutionary Vera Zasulich, who shot the Governor of St Petersburg in 1878 to protest the Russian state’s repression of domestic political protest.
...
The new violent political practice was soon institutionalised with the emergence of organised terrorist groups. First came Narodnaya Volya (The People’s Will), a group of Russian social revolutionaries and self-proclaimed terrorists, who in 1881 succeeded in assassinating Tsar Alexander II with a dynamite bomb.--
Britain's first bomb disposal expert: Colonel Vivian Majendie and the original ‘war on terror’.The bombs, which had been deposited in the stations’ left luggage offices, were of a similar design, and resembled the remains of bombs that had detonated, Harcourt said, in Glasgow, Liverpool and elsewhere in London. The unexploded device, discovered by a vigilant ticket clerk at Charing Cross, and the remains of the bomb that had detonated at Victoria were rushed to the Woolwich Arsenal.
--
It is almost impossible to pinpoint the very first act of terrorism carried out within British territory. The most famous incident in early modern history is probably the gunpowder plot of 1605 when Guy Fawkes attempted to blow up the House of Lords. And although he is the best remembered (on November 5), Fawkes did not act alone. He was part of a larger network of 13 conspirators who sought to destroy parliament and trigger a popular uprising.In the second half of the 19th century, European anarchism introduced the idea of “propaganda by deed” as a tactic of anti-government resistance. This consisted of the assassination of government officials and bomb attacks in public places such as cafes and theatres.
Although anarchist attacks were actually more common in continental Europe, England was an important hub for anarchist thought. The less restrictive laws of the United Kingdom made it a haven for radicals fleeing political repression in their own countries.
In the same period, the heavy death toll of the Great Famine in Ireland from 1846 to 1852 prompted calls for Irish home rule and resulted in the formation of networks of radical revolutionaries, the Fenians.
Although the largest Fenian campaigns were waged in Canada and in Ireland itself, attacks within England included the bombing of Clerkenwell Prison in London in 1867, in which 12 people were killed and more than 100 injured. The result was a severe backlash by British authorities and the public, which undermined the political reforms that would have made future attacks less likely.
...
Recent acts of spectacular violence, such as the mail bombs sent by a tRUMP-supporter to American anti-tRUMP critics, or the mass killings by Canadian “incel” misogynist Alek Minassian, demonstrate a widespread reluctance among media outlets, politicians and authorities to label some acts of ideologically motivated violence as “terrorism”. Such hesitations might give the faulty impression that “terrorism” is reserved purely for anti-Western or Islamist political violence. That is a wrong and dangerous conception.This is despite the fact that these groups used the same terrorist tactics and technologies as the Russian terrorists. The new terminology was apparently reserved for the Russian revolutionary cause. It was only after WW1 that these other forms of terrorism in and against Western governments started to more generally be labelled as "terrorism".
Sunday, July 7, 2024
24-7-7 Le Phew! □
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24-7-12 [Hung Parliament] France Plunged Into Political Uncertainty - Bloomberg > .
24-7-7 France's leftist bloc has early lead in election, far-right party in third - CBC > .24-7-8 Andrew Neil – 'Not a good time for Western leadership' | Spectator > .
24-7-5 Hx National Rally's 50-year campaign to normalize fascism - Barely Inf > .Europe - Warographics >> .
Europe, EU, UN, Alliances - Present Tense >> .
European Economics - The Invisible Hand >> .
European Politics - Eyes Red >> .
European Shifts - anffyddiaeth >> .
Europe, EU, UN, Alliances - Present Tense >> .
European Economics - The Invisible Hand >> .
European Politics - Eyes Red >> .
European Shifts - anffyddiaeth >> .
rēs pūblica - pro libertate >> .
National Rally set to come in 3rd despite topping 1st round CBC
"France is on course for a hung parliament in Sunday's election, early projections suggest, with a leftist alliance unexpectedly taking the top spot ahead of the far right in a potential major upset that would bar Marine Le Pen's National Rally from running the government."
The National Rally (Rassemblement National, RN), known as the National Front from 1972 to 2018 (Front National, FN), is a French far-right party, described as populist and nationalist. It was the single largest parliamentary opposition party in the National Assembly from 2022 to 2024. Its candidate was defeated in the second round in the 2002, 2017 and 2022 presidential elections. It opposes immigration, advocating significant cuts to legal immigration, protection of French identity, and stricter control of illegal immigration. The party advocates a "more balanced" and "independent" French foreign policy, opposing French military intervention in Africa while supporting France leaving NATO's integrated command. It also supports reform of the European Union (EU) and its related organisations as well as economic interventionism, protectionism, and zero tolerance for breaches of law and order.
The party was founded in 1972 to unify the French nationalist movement. Holocaust denier Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the party and was its leader until his resignation in 2011. While the party was a marginal political force for its first ten years, it became a major force of French nationalism since 1984. It has put forward a candidate at every presidential election but one since 1974. In the 2002 presidential election, Jean-Marie Le Pen advanced to the second round but finished a distant second in the runoff to Jacques Chirac. [Jean-Marie's] daughter Marine Le Pen was elected to succeed him as party leader in 2012. She temporarily stepped down in 2017 in order to concentrate on her presidential candidacy; she resumed her leadership after the election. She headed the party until 2021, when she temporarily resigned again. A year later, Jordan Bardella was elected as her successor.
The party has seen an increase in its popularity and acceptance in French society in recent years. It has frequently been accused of promoting xenophobia and antisemitism. While her father was nicknamed the "Devil of the Republic" by mainstream media and sparked outrage for hate speech, including Holocaust denial and Islamophobia, Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of "de-demonisation" of the party by softening its image and trying to frame the party as being neither right nor left [despite classic right-wing policies and receiving funding from Vladimir Putin]. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right roots, as well as censuring controversial members like her father, who was suspended and then expelled from the party in 2015.
...
"But it will also be a major disappointment for Marine Le Pen's nationalist, Euroskeptic National Rally (RN) party. The RN, which had for weeks been projected to win the election, was seen getting 115 to 155 seats.
The party is currentlyled [nominally led] by Jordan Bardella, who succeeded Le Pen as leader [official leader] in November 2022.
Le Pen, daughter of the party's [Holocaust-denying] founder, remains a party member and retained her seat in the National Assembly during the first-round of voting last weekend."
The party is currently
Le Pen, daughter of the party's [Holocaust-denying] founder, remains a party member and retained her seat in the National Assembly during the first-round of voting last weekend."
Quickly outdated: AUDIO Why is France’s far right surging toward power? CBC
The party was founded in 1972 to unify the French nationalist movement. Holocaust denier Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the party and was its leader until his resignation in 2011. While the party was a marginal political force for its first ten years, it became a major force of French nationalism since 1984. It has put forward a candidate at every presidential election but one since 1974. In the 2002 presidential election, Jean-Marie Le Pen advanced to the second round but finished a distant second in the runoff to Jacques Chirac. [Jean-Marie's] daughter Marine Le Pen was elected to succeed him as party leader in 2012. She temporarily stepped down in 2017 in order to concentrate on her presidential candidacy; she resumed her leadership after the election. She headed the party until 2021, when she temporarily resigned again. A year later, Jordan Bardella was elected as her successor.
............
On the other hand, the far-left can be problematic in different ways.
Friday, April 7, 2023
Macron Kowtows
23-9-13 France & MGCS outside development of next Leopard? - Binkov > .
23-9-13 France vs Turkey in Africa - TLDR > .
23-4-20 Macron, Xina, US, EU strategic autonomy - Kalypso Nicolaïdis - STG > .
23-4-20 Macron, Xina, US, EU strategic autonomy - Kalypso Nicolaïdis - STG > .
23-4-19 Macron's geopolitical stir: the good, the bad and the ugly - STG > .
23-4-18 Von der Leyen ~ EU-Xina relations (post Macron upset) - DW > .
23-4-18 Changing relationship between Europe and USA - Into Europe > .
23-4-15 Macron’s Controversial ‘Strategic Autonomy’ Comments - Update > .
23-4-15 Macron’s Controversial ‘Strategic Autonomy’ Comments - Update > .
23-4-14 Macron's Xina Controversy Explained - TLDR > .
23-4-13 Real Reason For France’s Pension Protests | EcEx > .
22-7-26 France's Geostrategy Towards Central Europe - gtbt > .
"France, Germany, and the Netherlands have, in different ways, drawn up national Indo-Pacific strategies in recent years. They have been the driving force behind the EU’s effort to find a more decisive approach to the region. This effort led to the release in April 2021 of the European Council’s conclusions on the “EU Strategy for Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific”, which paved the way for the union to adopt an official strategy that can now initiate a new approach. To move from the drawing board to implementation, Europeans will need to answer several tough questions that are in tension with the consensual language of EU documents."
CSDP, EDU, EU Army ..
22-7-26 France's Geostrategy Towards Central Europe - gtbt > .
Understanding R-U War - Alex Stubb STG Lecture Series >> .
EU 2023 ..
Warning against becoming “vassals” to the US or China, Macron declared that, “The great risk” for Europe is that it “gets caught up in crises that are not ours, which prevents it from building its strategic autonomy.”" [This from the President of a nation that inadvertently dragged the USA into two "Great Power" global conflicts.] Politicians, diplomats and analysts on both sides of the Atlantic condemned the remarks as "tone-deaf and ill timed" considering that the US has backed European security by bankrolling Ukraine’s defense.
Infamous for fawning over tRUMP and imagining that he could sway P00ti across an enormous table, Emmanuel Macron continues to fancy himself a statesman capable of charming sociopaths away from their malevolent agendas. Macron not only failed to convince Xi to limit his support for Ruscia, his Franco-centric remarks created a diplomatic uproar. Macron called on Europe to develop its own stance independent of the US to deal with tensions between Xina and Taiwan. [Ironic considering that France is one of the few European nations with holdings in the Pacific.]
Warning against becoming “vassals” to the US or China, Macron declared that, “The great risk” for Europe is that it “gets caught up in crises that are not ours, which prevents it from building its strategic autonomy.”" [This from the President of a nation that inadvertently dragged the USA into two "Great Power" global conflicts.] Politicians, diplomats and analysts on both sides of the Atlantic condemned the remarks as "tone-deaf and ill timed" considering that the US has backed European security by bankrolling Ukraine’s defense.
Tuesday, July 27, 2021
B3W - Build Back Better World
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23-12-6 Biden's Inflation Reduction Act: impact on world | FT > .
23-10-24 [PooXi, P00ti Secrets at BRI Forum: NoXious World Order - Insight > .
23-9-24 $6.5T Problem: BRI, Unproductive, Decaying Infrastructure | EcEx > .
23-9-16 "Belt & Road to Death" - [XiXiP targeted corrupt governments] - Obs > .
23-9-9 Rich vs Poor African Economies - Econ > .
23-9-7 Kidnappings, ghost towns: 10 years of Xi’s BRI masterplan | Tele > .
23-8-29 Understanding the Limits of Innovation || Peter Zeihan >> .
23-5-2 America Spends $800 Billion on Vets & War Prep - T&P > . skip > .
23-4-19 [XiXiP whines about G7 2023] - Update > .
23-4-17 G7 2023 Japan - G7 Ministers vs Xinese, Ruscist threats - DW > .
23-4-16 R-U Hybrid Warfare: P00paganda, cyber, hybrid methods - Perun > .
23-1-11 Xinese Warships Spotted in South Pacific - Focus > .
22-11-11 Fortress Xina - Xi's Plans for World Domination - laowhy86 > .
22-10-25 Xina's Q3 details - Update > .
22-9-5 European Union Trust Fund for Africa vs Xina's BRI - IntoEu > . skip > .
22-7-31 How PGII & IPEF could checkmate BRI - CaspianReport > .
22-7-31 How PGII & IPEF could checkmate BRI - CaspianReport > .
22-7-4 PGII/QUAD/NATO - Alliances -> XiXiP Fears | Insights > .
22-3-28 China's Economic Rise—End of the Road - cfr > .
22-1-22 America's New $1.2T Infrastructure Program - TDC > .
22-6-26 PGII (B3W) ..
Build Back Better World (B3W) is an initiative undertaken by G7 countries. Launched in June 2021, the initiative is designed to counter China's strategic influence of the BRI Project (Belt and Road Initiative) by providing an alternative to the Belt and Road Initiative for the infrastructure development of the low and middle income countries.
Led by the United States, the G7 countries will work to address the $40 trillion worth of infrastructure needed by developing countries by 2035. The initiative aims to catalyze funding for quality infrastructure from the private sector and will encourage private-sector investments that support "climate, health and health security, digital technology, and gender equity and equality". The initiative builds on the Blue Dot Network, a collaboration that aims to build a global network through lending-based financing to build roads, bridges, airports, ports, power plants.
Led by the United States, the G7 countries will work to address the $40 trillion worth of infrastructure needed by developing countries by 2035. The initiative aims to catalyze funding for quality infrastructure from the private sector and will encourage private-sector investments that support "climate, health and health security, digital technology, and gender equity and equality". The initiative builds on the Blue Dot Network, a collaboration that aims to build a global network through lending-based financing to build roads, bridges, airports, ports, power plants.
The B3W efforts are in line with the standards and principles of the Blue Dot Network, relating to the environment and climate, labor and social safeguards, financing, construction, anticorruption, and other areas. On November 4, 2019, U.S. Under Secretary of State Keith Krach formally launched the Blue Dot Network with his Australian and Japanese counterparts with access to $60 billion (United States dollars) of capital from the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation ("DFC") at the Indo-Pacific Business Forum in Bangkok.
Krach announced the Blue Dot Network's global trust standards, which are based on "respect for transparency and accountability, sovereignty of property and resources, local labor and human rights, rule of law, the environment, and sound government practices in procurement and financing." Under Secretary Krach committed $2 million (USD) of U.S. State Department seed money for the steering committee and issued an invitation to other G7 members to join. On October 19, 2020, on behalf of the twelve Three Seas nations, President Kersti Kaljulaid endorsed the Blue Dot Network and the Three Seas Summit in Tallinn, Estonia.
Building Back Better (BBB) is a strategy aimed at reducing the risk to the people of nations and communities in the wake of future disasters and shocks. The BBB approach integrates disaster risk reduction measures into the restoration of physical infrastructure, social systems and shelter, and the revitalization of livelihoods, economies and the environment.
BBB was first officially described in the United Nations' Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction document, which was agreed on at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held on March 14–18, 2015, in Sendai, Japan. It was adopted by UN member states as one of four priorities in the Sendai Framework for disaster recovery, risk reduction and sustainable development. The UN General Assembly adopted this document on June 3, 2015.
21-11-18 House Votes To Pass Build Back Better Legislation (D for; R against) > .
The Build Back Better Plan, also known as the Build Back Better Agenda, plan is a projected $1.7 trillion COVID-19 relief, future economic, and infrastructure package proposed by President Joe Biden. If fully enacted, it would include investments in infrastructure, and is projected to create 10 million clean-energy jobs. Expenditures would also include government funds on housing, education, economic fairness and health care.
The plan is divided into three parts: the American Rescue Plan, a COVID-19 relief package, which passed in March 2021; the American Jobs Plan, a proposal to rebuild America’s infrastructure and create jobs; and the American Families Plan, a proposal to invest in areas related to childcare and education. As of October 27, 2021, the American Rescue Plan is the only plan that has been signed into law, though proposals featured in the American Jobs Plan have been passed in the Senate through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. Proposals featured in the American Families Plan are currently under negotiations through the Build Back Better Act.
BBB was first officially described in the United Nations' Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction document, which was agreed on at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held on March 14–18, 2015, in Sendai, Japan. It was adopted by UN member states as one of four priorities in the Sendai Framework for disaster recovery, risk reduction and sustainable development. The UN General Assembly adopted this document on June 3, 2015.
The plan is divided into three parts: the American Rescue Plan, a COVID-19 relief package, which passed in March 2021; the American Jobs Plan, a proposal to rebuild America’s infrastructure and create jobs; and the American Families Plan, a proposal to invest in areas related to childcare and education. As of October 27, 2021, the American Rescue Plan is the only plan that has been signed into law, though proposals featured in the American Jobs Plan have been passed in the Senate through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. Proposals featured in the American Families Plan are currently under negotiations through the Build Back Better Act.
Shortly before the inauguration of Joe Biden as the 46th president of the United States, Biden laid out the following goals for his "Build Back Better" agenda:
- "Build a Modern Infrastructure": The United States has consistently underinvest in the development of workers and millions of positions in rising industries, such as construction and healthcare, have not been fulfilled. President Biden's Build Back Better Plan would invest in training initiatives to help the millions of American workers to create high-quality employment in expanding fields through high-quality career and technical education paths and registered apprenticeships.
- "Position the U.S. Auto Industry to Win the 21st Century with technology invented in America"
- "Achieve a Carbon Pollution-Free Power Sector by 2035"
- "Make Dramatic Investments in Energy Efficiency in Buildings, including Completing 4 Million Retrofits and Building 1.5 Million New Affordable Homes": Schools were faced with an estimated shortage of 100,000 teachers before the pandemic, which undermined the education of children. President Biden's Build Back Better Plan will address the lack of teachers and enhance the education of teachers, including providing teacher residencies and by developing programs that provide greater results and generate more POC teachers. During the course of the school year, it would extend free school food to another 9.3 million students and assist families buy food in the summer. The plan includes investing in modernizing school infrastructure to ensure school buildings are up to date, energy efficient, robust, and have technology and laboratory equipment to educate children for the future.
- "Pursue a Historic Investment in Clean Energy Innovation"
- "Advance Sustainable Agriculture and Conservation"
- "Secure Environmental Justice and Equitable Economy Opportunity"
Monday, July 26, 2021
CAI, RCEP - Asia, Europe, USA
24-7-20 Malaysia [could become] next global chip giant - Caspian Report > .
2021 QUAD? Can Biden create an Asian NATO against China? - VisPol > .23-9-7 Li Qiang at ASEAN - Update > .
22-11-27 Dragon's Claw: Xina's Next 10 Years - Kamome > . skip > .
22-10-27 Xina's Economy 60% Smaller Than Claimed - Macro > . skip > .
22-10-27 GDP Deflator - Macro > .
22-10-25 Xina's Q3 details - Update > .
22-10-11 Condeleeza Rice - Xina and Taiwan - Hoover > .
22-8-4 Situation Zoom: Pelosi Visits Taiwan | Goodfellows - Hoover > .
22-7-21 Xina losing international trust, 10 Pacific nations rebuff joint agreement - CR > .
22-7-21 Xina losing international trust, 10 Pacific nations rebuff joint agreement - CR > .
2016 RCEP vs exed-TPP > .
22-2-24 Australia considers replacing bullying CCP with Indian Market - Insight > .
22-1-6 Australia & Japan sign security cooperation treaty - Focus > .
21-12-28 Australia to streamline weapon-buying process - Focus > .
The Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) is a proposed investment deal between the People's Republic of China and the European Union. Proposed in 2013, the deal had NOT been signed as of 27 October 2022. In December 2020, the European Commission announced that the agreement was concluded in principle by the leaders of the EU Council, pending ratification by the European Parliament.
In March 2021, it was reported that there would be serious doubts about the approval of the deal in the European Parliament given China's "unacceptable" behavior toward members of the parliament, the European Council's Political and Security Committee, and European think tanks.
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a free trade agreement between the Asia-Pacific nations of Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam. The 15 member countries account for about 30% of the world's population (2.2 billion people) and 30% of global GDP ($26.2 trillion) as of 2020, making it the biggest trade bloc in history. Unifying the preexisting bilateral agreements between the 10-member ASEAN and five of its major trade partners, the RCEP was signed on 15 November 2020 at a virtual ASEAN Summit hosted by Vietnam, and will take effect 60 days after it has been ratified by at least six ASEAN and three non-ASEAN signatories.
The trade pact, which includes a mix of high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries, was conceived at the 2011 ASEAN Summit in Bali, Indonesia, while its negotiations were formally launched during the 2012 ASEAN Summit in Cambodia. It is expected to eliminate about 90% of the tariffs on imports between its signatories within 20 years of coming into force, and establish common rules for e-commerce, trade, and intellectual property. The unified rules of origin will help facilitate international supply chains and reduce export costs throughout the bloc.
The RCEP is the first free trade agreement between China, Japan, and South Korea, three of the four largest economies in Asia. Several analysts predicted that it would offer significant economic gains for signatory nations, as well as "pull the economic centre of gravity back towards Asia, with China poised to take the lead in writing trade rules for the region", leaving the U.S. behind in economic and political affairs. Reactions from others were neutral or negative, with some analysts saying that the economic gains from the trade deal would be modest. The RCEP has been criticized for ignoring labor, human rights, and environmental sustainability issues.
The new free trade bloc will be bigger than both the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement and the European Union. The combined GDP of potential RCEP members surpassed the combined GDP of Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) members in 2007. It was suggested that continued economic growth, particularly in China and Indonesia, could see total GDP in the original RCEP membership grow to over US$100 trillion by 2050, roughly double the project size of TPP economies. On 23 January 2017, UNpresident Idiot-in-Cheat signed a memorandum withdrawing the United States from the TPP, a move which was seen to improve the chances of success for RCEP.
CAI, RCEP - Asia, Europe, USA ..
EU 2023 ..
In March 2021, it was reported that there would be serious doubts about the approval of the deal in the European Parliament given China's "unacceptable" behavior toward members of the parliament, the European Council's Political and Security Committee, and European think tanks.
The trade pact, which includes a mix of high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries, was conceived at the 2011 ASEAN Summit in Bali, Indonesia, while its negotiations were formally launched during the 2012 ASEAN Summit in Cambodia. It is expected to eliminate about 90% of the tariffs on imports between its signatories within 20 years of coming into force, and establish common rules for e-commerce, trade, and intellectual property. The unified rules of origin will help facilitate international supply chains and reduce export costs throughout the bloc.
The RCEP is the first free trade agreement between China, Japan, and South Korea, three of the four largest economies in Asia. Several analysts predicted that it would offer significant economic gains for signatory nations, as well as "pull the economic centre of gravity back towards Asia, with China poised to take the lead in writing trade rules for the region", leaving the U.S. behind in economic and political affairs. Reactions from others were neutral or negative, with some analysts saying that the economic gains from the trade deal would be modest. The RCEP has been criticized for ignoring labor, human rights, and environmental sustainability issues.
- Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia (CEPEA) .
- Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
- Trans-Pacific Partnership .
- East Asian Community .
- East Asia Summit .
- Asian values .
- Pan-Asianism .
- South Asian Free Trade Area .
- Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) .
- Market access .
- Free-trade area .
- China–European Union relations .
- United States–European Union relations .
- China–United States relations .
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum
igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...
