Thursday, December 20, 2012
ISS - International Space Station
Space Races - Tzu >> .
04:34 Cooperation in Outer Space: Private Players?
06:45 Democratization of Outer Space: other actors
09:43 Four Dimensional Geopolitics in the 21st Century
12:37 Return of the New Cold War
Geopolitics Podcast: Outer Space & the New Cold War
00:30 Russia-China Lunar Base Partnership04:34 Cooperation in Outer Space: Private Players?
06:45 Democratization of Outer Space: other actors
09:43 Four Dimensional Geopolitics in the 21st Century
12:37 Return of the New Cold War
Warfare in Space ..
The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular space station (habitable artificial satellite) in low Earth orbit. It is a multinational collaborative project involving five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada). The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which scientific research is conducted in astrobiology, astronomy, meteorology, physics, and other fields. The ISS is suited for testing the spacecraft systems and equipment required for possible future long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars.
The ISS programme evolved from the Space Station Freedom, an American proposal which was conceived in 1984 to construct a permanently manned Earth-orbiting station, and the contemporaneous Soviet/Russian Mir-2 proposal with similar aims. The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations and the U.S. Skylab. It is the largest artificial object in space and the largest satellite in low Earth orbit, regularly visible to the naked eye from Earth's surface. It maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda Service Module or visiting spacecraft. The ISS circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day.
The station is divided into two sections: the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is operated by Russia, while the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) is run by the United States as well as many other nations. Roscosmos has endorsed the continued operation of ROS through 2024, having previously proposed using elements of the segment to construct a new Russian space station called OPSEK. The first ISS component was launched in 1998, and the first long-term residents arrived on 2 November 2000 after being launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on 31 October 2000. The station has since been continuously occupied for 20 years and 179 days, the longest continuous human presence in low Earth orbit, having surpassed the previous record of 9 years and 357 days held by the Mir space station. The latest major pressurised module, Leonardo, was fitted in 2011 and an experimental inflatable space habitat was added in 2016. Development and assembly of the station continues, with several major new Russian elements scheduled for launch starting in 2021. As of December 2018, the station is funded only until 2025 and may be de-orbited in 2030.
The ISS consists of pressurised habitation modules, structural trusses, photovoltaic solar arrays, thermal radiators, docking ports, experiment bays and robotic arms. Major ISS modules have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets and US Space Shuttles. The station is serviced by a variety of visiting spacecraft: the Russian Soyuz and Progress, the SpaceX Dragon 2, the Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Cygnus, the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle, and, formerly, the European Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) and SpaceX Dragon 1. The Dragon spacecraft allows the return of pressurised cargo to Earth, which is used, for example, to repatriate scientific experiments for further analysis. As of November 2020, 242 astronauts, cosmonauts, and space tourists from 19 different nations have visited the space station, many of them multiple times; this includes 152 Americans, 49 Russians, 9 Japanese, 8 Canadians, and 5 Italians.
The ISS programme evolved from the Space Station Freedom, an American proposal which was conceived in 1984 to construct a permanently manned Earth-orbiting station, and the contemporaneous Soviet/Russian Mir-2 proposal with similar aims. The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations and the U.S. Skylab. It is the largest artificial object in space and the largest satellite in low Earth orbit, regularly visible to the naked eye from Earth's surface. It maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda Service Module or visiting spacecraft. The ISS circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day.
The station is divided into two sections: the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is operated by Russia, while the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) is run by the United States as well as many other nations. Roscosmos has endorsed the continued operation of ROS through 2024, having previously proposed using elements of the segment to construct a new Russian space station called OPSEK. The first ISS component was launched in 1998, and the first long-term residents arrived on 2 November 2000 after being launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on 31 October 2000. The station has since been continuously occupied for 20 years and 179 days, the longest continuous human presence in low Earth orbit, having surpassed the previous record of 9 years and 357 days held by the Mir space station. The latest major pressurised module, Leonardo, was fitted in 2011 and an experimental inflatable space habitat was added in 2016. Development and assembly of the station continues, with several major new Russian elements scheduled for launch starting in 2021. As of December 2018, the station is funded only until 2025 and may be de-orbited in 2030.
The ISS consists of pressurised habitation modules, structural trusses, photovoltaic solar arrays, thermal radiators, docking ports, experiment bays and robotic arms. Major ISS modules have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets and US Space Shuttles. The station is serviced by a variety of visiting spacecraft: the Russian Soyuz and Progress, the SpaceX Dragon 2, the Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Cygnus, the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle, and, formerly, the European Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) and SpaceX Dragon 1. The Dragon spacecraft allows the return of pressurised cargo to Earth, which is used, for example, to repatriate scientific experiments for further analysis. As of November 2020, 242 astronauts, cosmonauts, and space tourists from 19 different nations have visited the space station, many of them multiple times; this includes 152 Americans, 49 Russians, 9 Japanese, 8 Canadians, and 5 Italians.
Monday, December 17, 2012
Saturday, December 15, 2012
NEOs - Near Earth Objects
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Asteroids impacting Earth can be devastating—killing all the dinosaurs in existence level devastating. But even the asteroids that aren’t mass-extinction huge can be a serious threat. Every few thousand years Earth (a.k.a. you and I) get hit with a massive asteroid the size of the Great Pyramid of Giza, so what is the plan when we get hit with the next asteroid?
We get hit with an asteroid about the size of the Great Pyramid of Giza every few thousand years, and when the next one hits it could cause massive damage to an entire region. So when we spot the next one coming, what’s the plan? Enter: NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination office. The Planetary Defense Coordination office is tasked with coming up with ways to protect the planet from threats from outer space. And one of their great ideas is to smack a spacecraft head on with an oncoming asteroid to see if it can be slowed down and deflected.
Members of NASA, the European Space Agency, and others are informally collaborating with a pair of missions that together are known as the Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment, or AIDA. NASA is up first with a mission called the Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART.
The launch window opens on July 22, 2021, and the goal is to nail an asteroid by late September or early October the following year. Pretty cool, huh? The target DART is aiming at is one of a pair of binary asteroids called Didymos B. Didymos is Greek for twin, hence the Double part of DART. While the asteroid is not on a trajectory to hit Earth, it is an ideal candidate to see just how much of an impact will affect it because Didymos B is a moonlet 160 meters across that’s orbiting the much larger asteroid Didymos A, and as luck would have it, from our perspective it passes in front and behind the larger body, causing changes in the system’s brightness that we can measure. When DART hits Didymos B at 6.6 kilometers per second, the asteroid’s speed will change by a fraction of a percent, but that’s enough to change the time it takes to orbit Didymos A by several minutes. Enough to be detected by telescopes roughly 11 million kilometers away here on Earth. And not any old spacecraft will do when it comes to smashing into Didymos B.
New Trilateral Competition - Space
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23-7-1 SPACE WAR: India and US Go Up Against Xina - Uncensored > .23-5-21 Space Warfare & Anti Satellite Weapons - warfighting domain - Perun > .
23-1-23 Xina’s Space Conquest [USING] South America - Uncensored > .
22-3-26 Profits, Sovereignty and Security: New Space Economy | DW > .
2019 Future Fight In Space? > .
New Battlefields: Future Conflicts Where? - Forces >> .Surveillance, Intelligence
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum
igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...
