Thursday, May 15, 2014

World in 1946


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1915-4-22 Chlorine gas, 2nd Battle of Ypres


On 22 April 1915 poison gas was first used effectively in the First World War at the Second Battle of Ypres.

A form of tear gas had previously been used by the Germans fighting the Russians at the Battle of Bolimów in Poland at the end of January, but it had proved wholly unsuccessful. The freezing temperatures meant that a lot of the gas failed to vaporise, and that which was successfully released was blown back towards the German trenches due to a change in the direction of the wind.

At Ypres, near the small Belgian hamlet of Gravenstafel, the situation was dramatically different. 5,700 gas canisters weighing over 40kg each were released by hand over a 4 mile (6.5km) stretch of the front line. Every canister contained highly poisonous chlorine gas. Despite the improved organising, the rudimentary system of release still depended on the wind to blow the gas towards the enemy. Some Germans were killed or injured in the process of releasing the gas but the attack was terribly effective as the gas successfully vaporised and sank into the enemy trenches.

Over five thousand French Algerian, Moroccan and territorial troops died within ten minutes of the gas being released. A further five thousand were temporarily blinded, with nearly half of them becoming prisoners of war.

The Germans didn’t expect the gas to be as effective as it was, and so didn’t fully exploit their initial advantage. However, by the end of the battle on 25 May, the Germans had certainly scored a tactical victory. They had compressed the size of the Ypres salient and had demonstrated the effectiveness of chemical warfare. The Allies soon developed their own poison gas, making chemical warfare part of the offensive strategy for the rest of the war.
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1946-3-5 Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech

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23-12-27 Железный занавес | Iron Curtain - Soviet Footsteps? (subs) - Katz > .


Железный занавес - Zheleznyy zanaves - Iron Curtain:
On March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill delivered his “Iron Curtain” speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, in which he said: “From Stettin in the Baltic, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an ‘iron curtain’ has descended across the continent, allowing police governments to rule Eastern Europe.”

On 5th March 1946 Winston Churchill described the post-war division of Europe as an ‘Iron Curtain’ in his ‘Sinews of Peace’ address at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri.

Churchill, as the British Prime Minister, had led Britain to victory in the Second World War but suffered a landslide defeat to Clement Attlee’s Labour Party in the General Election of July 1945. Despite being in opposition he continued to be highly respected abroad and visited the United States in 1946. During this trip he was invited to deliver a speech to an audience of 40,000 people at Westminster College in the 7,000-person town of Fulton.

Churchill was introduced at Fulton by President Harry Truman, and opened his speech by complimenting the United States as standing ‘at the pinnacle of world power’. As the speech progressed, he became increasingly critical of the Soviet Union’s policies in Eastern Europe.

Churchill was not the first to use the term ‘Iron Curtain’ as a metaphor for a strong divide and versions of it had been in use for many centuries. Nor was the ‘Sinews of Peace’ speech the first time that he himself had used the term. However, his use of the term in a speech with such a large audience thrust it into wider circulation and associated it directly with the post-war situation.

Often interpreted as a key event in the origin of the Cold War, Churchill’s speech played a significant role in changing western perceptions of their former Soviet ally. Meanwhile, Stalin accused Churchill of warmongering, and defended the USSR’s relationship with Eastern Europe as a necessary barrier to future attacks.

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1946-3-5 Iron Curtain Descends

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1946-3-5 The Iron Curtain Descends – News of 1946 - WW2 > .
23-12-27 Железный занавес | Iron Curtain - Soviet Footsteps? (subs) - Katz > .

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●τ 1946

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World in 1946 - Cold War Documentary - tcw > .

Review of 1946.
​Winston Churchill 1:51​-3:34 .
​Soviet Cars 3:34​-4:58 .
​Cannes 4:58​- 6:26 .
​Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials 6:26​ -8:46 .
​Atom Bomb 8:46​-10:16 .
​Bikini 10:16​-11:36 .
​Surrender of Japan 11:36​-12:34 .
​Renounincg of Divine Status 12:34​-13:13 .
​Critique of art by Stalin 13:13​- 16:20 .
​Jewish State 16:20​-17:28 .
​King David Hotel 17:28​-17:57 .
​Juan Perron 17:57​-19:38 .
​Commerical Goods 19:38​-21:17 .
​Hindu vs Muslim (Indian Independence) 21:17​-23:13 .
​Civil Rights 23:13​-24:05 .
​Restructuring of Economy in US (Worker Strikes) 24:05​-25:50 .
​IndoChina 25:50​-27:16 .
Sports 27:16​-28:35 .
​Ending 28:35​-29:24 .

1946 - World in 1946 ..
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum

igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum    therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...

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