Wednesday, March 6, 2019

Women in Engineering


Women in Engineering


A generation of men fighting for their country, left a large gap in the British workforce and economy. Over a million British women stepped up to the challenge and took the chance to support their country by signing up for work in munitions factories, TNT manufacturing, or a civil service post.

Hunslet Engine Co , Stuart Turner and Co and William Beardmore and Co were a few out of hundreds of companies listed on Grace’s Guide, that took on women workers during the Great War, to relieve manufacturing and production demands.

The article includes a gallery of photographs showing ‘Girl Workers in a William Beardmore and Co Munitions Factory’ from The Engineer journal September 3rd 1915. Read more in the editorial titled “The Employment of Women in Engineering Workshops” – September 03rd 1915, p 228.
http://blog.gracesguide.co.uk/?attachment_id=139

The sudden change in the woman’s role from a gentle domestic post in the home to occupations in the loud, dirty and often dangerous factories and workplaces, stirred a mixture of worry and sense of caution with some , but with others, high spirits and positivity with a focus on winning the war. The founding of The Women’s Engineering Society in 1919 is just one example of an outcome founded from the effects of war and perhaps started to demonstrate the relaxing attitudes towards women’s capabilities in a male dominant industry.

http://blog.gracesguide.co.uk/?p=115 .

Wunderwaffen

Wunderwaffe ?
Wunderwaffe is German for "wonder weapon" and was a term assigned during World War II by Nazi Germany's propaganda ministry to some revolutionary "superweapons". Most of these weapons however remained prototypes, which either never reached the combat theater, or if they did, were too late or in too insignificant numbers to have a military effect.

The V-weapons, which were developed earlier and saw considerable deployment, especially against London and Antwerp, trace back to the same pool of highly inventive armament concepts. Therefore, they are also included here.

As the war situation worsened for Germany from 1942, claims about the development of revolutionary new weapons which could turn the tide became an increasingly prominent part of the propaganda directed at Germans by their government. In reality, the advanced weapons under development generally required lengthy periods of design work and testing, and there was no realistic prospect of the German military being able to field them before the end of the war. When some advanced designs, such as the Panther tank and Type XXI submarine, were rushed into production, their performance proved disappointing to the German military and leadership due to inadequate pre-production testing or poorly planned construction processes. Historian Michael J. Neufeld has noted that "the net result of all these weapons, deployed or otherwise, was that the Reich wasted a lot of money and technical expertise (and killed a lot of forced and slave laborers) in developing and producing exotic devices that yielded little or no tactical and strategic advantage". However, a few weapons proved to be successful and have had a large influence in post war designs.

In the German language the term Wunderwaffe generally refers to a universal solution which solves all problems related to a particular issue, mostly used ironically for its illusionary nature.

Wunderwaffen - History of German Industrialization ..

Thursday, February 28, 2019

●● Campaigns


40-5-25 to 40-6-4 Dunkirk Evacuation - Dynamo ..
40-8-13 Adlertag & Unternehmen Adlerangriff ..     
40-9-8 Blitz, Cromwell, Sealion Postponed 40-9-14 ..
42-8-17 USAF bombs Rouen ..

Grand Strategy ..
Kanalkampf II ..
Schlieffen Plan ..

MILDEC - Military deception

Morale, PsyOps 
Morale ..

●● Theatres ..
● Africa, Mediterranean ..
● Atlantic ..
● European theatre ..
● Nordic Front - Finland & Scandinavia ..
● Pacific theatre ..
● Russia - Eastern Front ..

Military History: Archive Footage - FoTV >> .

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40-8-13 Adlertag & Unternehmen Adlerangriff

40-8-13 Adlertag > .
Goering's False Promise: Why Operation Sea Lion Failed | War Stories > .
Battle of Britain - tb >> .

Adlertag ("Eagle Day") was the first day of Unternehmen Adlerangriff ("Operation Eagle Attack"), which was the codename of a military operation by Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe (German air force) to destroy the British Royal Air Force (RAF). By June 1940, the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia. Rather than come to terms with Germany, Britain rejected all overtures for a negotiated peace.

During the Battle of Britain, Hitler gave the German armed forces (Wehrmacht) a directive (Directive No. 16) that ordered provisional preparations for invasion of Britain. This operation was codenamed Operation Sea Lion (Unternehmen Seelöwe). Before this could be carried out, air superiority or air supremacy was required. The Luftwaffe was to destroy the RAF in order to prevent it from attacking the invasion fleet or providing protection for the Royal Navy's Home Fleet which might attempt to prevent a landing by sea. On 1 August Hitler gave the Luftwaffe's commander-in-chief, Reichsmarschall (Empire Marshal) Hermann Göring and the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (High Command of the Air Force) a directive (Directive No. 17) to launch the air assault.

The essential target was RAF Fighter Command. The service's destruction would deny the British their air superiority asset. Throughout July and early August, the Germans made preparations for Adlertag. The date of the assault was postponed several times because of bad weather. Eventually, it was carried out on 13 August 1940. The German attacks on 13 August inflicted significant damage and casualties on the ground, but, marred by poor intelligence and communication, they did not make a significant impression on Fighter Command's ability to defend British air space.

Göring had promised Hitler that Adlertag and Adlerangriff would achieve the results required within days, or at worst weeks. It had meant to be the beginning of the end of RAF Fighter Command, but Adlertag and the following operations failed to destroy the RAF, or gain the necessary local air superiority. As a result, Operation Sea Lion was postponed indefinitely.

Battle of Britain and Artie Holmes' Hurricane - HiGu > . 

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

40-7-10 to 40-10-31 Battle of Britain

13 Hours That Saved Britain > .
Battle of Britain 3 | Their Finest Hour (WW2 Doc) - Time >
How RAF Prepared For Luftwaffe's Offensive | Battle Of Britain | Timeline > .
Battle of Britain and Artie Holmes' Hurricane - HiGu > . 
40-8-13 Adlertag > .
The Battle of Britain was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe. It has been described as the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces. The British officially recognise the battle's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940, which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as The Blitz, that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941. German historians do not accept this subdivision and regard the Luftschlacht um England, (literally "The Air Battle for England") as a single campaign lasting from July 1940 to June 1941, including the Blitz.

sī vīs pācem, parā bellum

igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum    therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...