Starch - fermentation of Aesculus hippocastanum conkers - WW1

During the First World War, there was a campaign to ask for everyone (including children) to collect horse-chestnuts and donate them to the government. The conkers were used as a source of starch for fermentation using the Clostridium acetobutylicum method devised by Chaim Weizmann to produce acetone for use as a solvent for the production of cordite, which was then used in military armaments. Weizmann's process could use any source of starch, but the government chose to ask for conkers to avoid causing starvation by depleting food sources. But conkers were found to be a poor source, and the factory only produced acetone for three months; however, they were collected again in World War II for the same reason.

Unlike yeast, which can digest sugar only into alcohol and carbon dioxide, Clostridium acetobutylicum and other Clostridia can digest whey, sugar, starch, cellulose and perhaps certain types of lignin, yielding butanol, propionic acid, ether, and glycerin.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_hippocastanum#Uses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_acetobutylicum

Aesculus hippocastanum - Wikipedia

Transport - Bus

1925 > .

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qq-upZxnmHM .

The Things That Move Us: The Bus
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3kG3TM8jFKjDaqAMdH1NSnPUbk1yyxXo

Bus Centenary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QU9Bj_JM7Go

Transport - Railways

Newspaper Train (1942) | Railways on Film > .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M77BpAkgsJY

Railways
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCwiEm0N0MnFvY7BrY_AJW57

The Things That Move Us: Famous Trains >> .
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3kG3TM8jFKgHwhGY5KNve2ozE2qqa7LP

Transport - London Underground

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSMGsi9WSss

From Metropolitan to Jubillee
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSMGsi9WSss

Evolution of the Underground - Geoff Marshall
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pMX7EkAhoA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdZd5zYTKAw .

Upper Thames Patrol - LDV

Upper Thames Patrol - Lechlade to Teddington Locks
“Up The Pub” lot

From the very start there were units other than infantry units. Initially these were formed in an unregulated manner and mainly consisted of mounted units and waterborne units, one of the most famous of these being the Upper Thames Patrol.
http://www.home-guard.org.uk/hg/hgfaq.html#faq16

The Upper Thames Patrol guarded the navigable river Thames from Lechlade to Teddington Locks to include the riverbanks a mile and a half into the countryside and most of all to protect the bridges, locks and weirs from sabotage. In order to do this private launches and smaller vessels (with shallower draughts) were commandeered or offered by their owners for the duration. These craft were all numbered according to the area they were to patrol and were kitted out with fighting equipment. They of course had to defend themselves from the odd enemy fighter plane attack. Equally so the volunteers were trained and by the end of the war they were as qualified as any regular soldier. Some more so as they had to know how to handle their boats and operate the locks and weirs. Most of the men were in full employment on reserved occupational duties and were drawn form the farming industry and from factories such as MG and Morris. They had to do a minimum of 7 hours duty a week for which they received one shilling and sixpence (7.5 pence) barely enough to buy two pints of beer in 1940.

Crossing the Thames by bridge is essential when going North to South or vice versa. In terms of defence the protection and indeed destruction of the bridges was equally as important as when the tables turned and we were on the offensive. The Upper Thames patrol was in charge of blowing up the bridges, locks and opening the weirs as a means of defence in case of invasion. The idea being to flood the surrounding planes and therefore bog down any advancing mechanised invasion. Early in 1940 all bridges were heavily protected by cunning roadblock devices and had gun emplacements strategically positioned to counter any attack. Some of these structures are still visible today such as pillboxes and large concrete barriers.

Most Pubs near to the river were commandeered as Headquarters for the group and consequently they became known as the “Up The Pub” lot.

http://www.history-society.org/the-upper-thames-patrol/