CAATSA & Sanctions

22-3-24 Risking CAATSA, Modious plays both sides ĉ America and Russia - Caspian > .

23-2-15 India's Necklace of Diamonds Plan to Checkmate Xina - Caspian > .

22-3-31 Is a trade alliance likely between Russia and India? - BBC > .

22-4-16 Potential impact of sanctions on China; ¥ ↔ gold? - Lei > .

2021 China's New Anti-Sanctions Law - geopop > .

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The Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) is a United States federal law that imposed sanctions on Iran, North Korea, and Russia. The bill was passed by the Senate on 27 July 2017, 98–2, after it passed the House 419–3. 

On 15 June 2017, the United States Senate voted 98 to 2 for the bill (an amendment to the underlying Iran sanctions bill), which was rooted in a bill introduced in January that year by a bipartisan group of senators over Russia's continued involvement in the wars in Ukraine and Syria and its interference in the 2016 election; with regard to Russia, the bill was designed to expand the punitive measures previously imposed by executive orders and convert them into law. The bill in the Senate incorporated the provisions of the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act that was introduced in May 2017 by Senator Ben Cardin.

An identical bill was introduced by Democrats in the House of Representatives on 12 July 2017. While the bill's text was unchanged from what had passed the Senate on 15 June, it was titled as House legislation to avoid procedural hurdles. The bill, after being revised to address some of the Trump administration's concerns, passed in the House 419 to 3 on 25 July. On 27 July, the bill was passed overwhelmingly by the Senate, 98 to 2. Both votes, veto-proof majorities.

The bill was signed into law on 2 August 2017 by UNpresident DUHnocchio, who stated [with zero understanding] that he believed the legislation was "seriously flawed".