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1921-3-21: The New Economic Policy introduced by Vladimir Lenin > .
What Was Lenin's New Economic Policy? AP Euro Bit by Bit #40 > .
In the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution that saw the Communist party under Lenin seize control of Russia, the country was plunged into Civil War. Counter-revolutionary forces under the banner of the Whites attempted to wrest back control while the Bolsheviks implemented the policy of War Communism that saw the strict centralisation of all parts of the national economy.
The forced nationalisation of industry and requisition of grain to provide materials and food for the Red Army succeeded in its military objectives, but proved enormously unpopular with the general population. With no incentive to produce surplus food the farmers simply stopped growing, leading to serious shortages in the cities that led large numbers of workers to leave the industrial centres for the countryside. With production already low, by 1921 those who stayed had begun a series of strikes and protests that eventually led to the Kronstadt Rebellion on 7 March 1921.
This uprising by the very sailors who had helped propel the Bolsheviks to power in 1917 forced Lenin to reconsider his approach. On 21 March, at the 10th Party Congress, the formal decree that introduced the New Economic Policy was announced. Grain requisitioning was replaced with a fixed tax, while private enterprise and profit were permitted. This provided an incentive for farmers to produce more, since they could now sell any surplus.
Meanwhile some industries were denationalised, and the relationship between the countryside and the cities was strengthened. However, while the NEP revived the economy it also saw the re-emergence of capitalist inequalities that prompted Stalin to abandon the policy in 1929.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921 .
1921-12-9 Lead additive, petrol ..
What Was Lenin's New Economic Policy? AP Euro Bit by Bit #40 > .
In the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution that saw the Communist party under Lenin seize control of Russia, the country was plunged into Civil War. Counter-revolutionary forces under the banner of the Whites attempted to wrest back control while the Bolsheviks implemented the policy of War Communism that saw the strict centralisation of all parts of the national economy.
The forced nationalisation of industry and requisition of grain to provide materials and food for the Red Army succeeded in its military objectives, but proved enormously unpopular with the general population. With no incentive to produce surplus food the farmers simply stopped growing, leading to serious shortages in the cities that led large numbers of workers to leave the industrial centres for the countryside. With production already low, by 1921 those who stayed had begun a series of strikes and protests that eventually led to the Kronstadt Rebellion on 7 March 1921.
This uprising by the very sailors who had helped propel the Bolsheviks to power in 1917 forced Lenin to reconsider his approach. On 21 March, at the 10th Party Congress, the formal decree that introduced the New Economic Policy was announced. Grain requisitioning was replaced with a fixed tax, while private enterprise and profit were permitted. This provided an incentive for farmers to produce more, since they could now sell any surplus.
Meanwhile some industries were denationalised, and the relationship between the countryside and the cities was strengthened. However, while the NEP revived the economy it also saw the re-emergence of capitalist inequalities that prompted Stalin to abandon the policy in 1929.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921 .
1921-12-9 Lead additive, petrol ..
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