Sunday, December 25, 2016

1936 jlde

Between 2 Wars - tgh >>


36-10-4 -- The Battle of Cable Street -- 1936, 4th October

Oswald Mosley had formed the British Union of Fascists, known as the BUF, in 1932. In the 1920s he had served as a Conservative Member of Parliament before crossing the floor to the Labour Party. By the start of the 1930s, however, he had formed his own party that was strongly influenced by the ideas of Fascism.

The presence of Nazi sympathisers within the party meant that the BUF became increasingly anti-Semitic, while anti-fascist opposition began to mount. When Mosley proposed that his uniformed Blackshirts march through the East End of London, anti-fascists quickly petitioned the Home Secretary to ban the march.

Cable Street is situated in the Whitechapel area of East London, and had a large Jewish population at the time. Unwilling to ban the march, the government instead provided 7,000 police officers to clear the route for the BUF. Yet when the march began on 4 October, the 3,000 Blackshirts and their police escort were massively outnumbered by anti-fascist protesters drawn from a variety of political and religious groups.

As the police attempted to clear a route through the improvised barricades, violence erupted. The worst fighting took place on Cable Street where protesters attacked the heavy-handed police with improvised weapons. Unable to clear the route, Mosley and the BUF were eventually persuaded by Sir Philip Game, the Commissioner of Police, to abandon the march and leave the area.

Although the Battle of Cable Street was a success for the anti-fascists in the short-term, membership of the BUF grew and the violent ‘Mile End Pogrom’ took place a week later.

36-10-4 The Battle of Cable Street > .

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRzDeaccMqk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street
https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/they-shall-not-pass-fighting-fascism-in-1930s-britain/ .

https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/spanish-civil-war-francos-reign/

1936 Olympics

.Hitler's Propagandistic 1936 Olympics - Timeline > .
22-10-3 Comparing Pootin to Hitler | Dream of the Great Past (subs) - Katz > .

The 1936 Summer Olympics (Olympische Sommerspiele 1936), officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad (Spiele der XI. Olympiade) and commonly known as Berlin 1936, were an international multi-sport event held from 1 to 16 August 1936 in Berlin, Germany. Berlin won the bid to host the Games over Barcelona at the 29th IOC Session on 26 April 1931. The 1936 Games marked the second and most recent time the International Olympic Committee gathered to vote in a city that was bidding to host those Games. Later rule modifications forbade cities hosting the bid vote from being awarded the games.

To outdo the 1932 Los Angeles Games, Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler had a new 100,000-seat track and field stadium built, as well as six gymnasiums and other smaller arenas. The Games were the first to be televised, with radio broadcasts reaching 41 countries. Filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl was commissioned by the German Olympic Committee to film the Games for $7 million. Her film, titled Olympia, pioneered many of the techniques now common in the filming of sports.

Hitler saw the 1936 Games as an opportunity to promote his government and ideals of racial supremacy and antisemitism, and the official Nazi Party paper, the Völkischer Beobachter, wrote in the strongest terms that Jews should not be allowed to participate in the Games. German Jewish athletes were barred or prevented from taking part in the Games by a variety of methods, although some women swimmers from the Jewish sports club Hakoah Vienna did participate. Jewish athletes from other countries were said to have been side-lined to avoid offending the Nazi regime.

Total ticket revenues were 7.5 million Reichsmark, generating a profit of over one million ℛℳ. The official budget did not include outlays by the city of Berlin (which issued an itemized report detailing its costs of 16.5 million ℛℳ) or outlays of the German national government (which did not make its costs public, but is estimated to have spent US$30 million).

Jesse Owens of the United States won four gold medals in the sprint and long jump events, and became the most successful athlete to compete in Berlin, while Germany was the most successful country overall with 89 medals total, with the United States coming in second with 56 medals. These were the final Olympic Games under the presidency of Henri de Baillet-Latour and the final Games for 12 years due to the disruption of the Second World War. The next Olympic Games were held in 1948 (the Winter Games in Switzerland and then the Summer Games in London).

sī vīs pācem, parā bellum

igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum    therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...