Sunday, February 5, 2017
42-1-26 American Soldiers in UK
American Soldiers Arrive in Great Britain, January 26, 1942 ....
Welcome to Britain, 1943 | IWM Archive Film > .
Saturday, February 4, 2017
42-1-1 Declaration by United Nations
representatives of four major Allied nations during the Second World War.
The original signatories – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, the USSR’s Ambassador to the US Maxim Litvinov, and Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs T. V. Soong – were joined the next day by a further 24 nations.
Having been drafted by Churchill, Roosevelt, and Roosevelt’s aide Harry Hopkins, the short declaration was linked to acceptance of the principles of the Atlantic Charter of 1941. The document also provided a foundation for the later establishment of the UN itself, but was firmly rooted in the political and military situation of the time. All signatories agreed to apply themselves fully to ‘a common struggle against savage and brutal forces seeking to subjugate the world’. Referring to these forces under the umbrella term ‘Hitlerism’, it is clear that the Allied leaders did not differentiate between the different regimes against which they were fighting.
The declaration also presented the intended conclusion of the war. Rather than accept an armistice as had happened at the conclusion of the First World War, the signatories agreed that ‘complete victory over their enemies is essential’. This meant that the Allies would only accept the unconditional surrender of their enemies. Furthermore, they agreed to cooperate with every other signatory in the ongoing war and therefore not pursue a separate peace for their own nation’s advantage.
By the time the war ended in 1945, a further 21 countries had signed the declaration.
Having been drafted by Churchill, Roosevelt, and Roosevelt’s aide Harry Hopkins, the short declaration was linked to acceptance of the principles of the Atlantic Charter of 1941. The document also provided a foundation for the later establishment of the UN itself, but was firmly rooted in the political and military situation of the time. All signatories agreed to apply themselves fully to ‘a common struggle against savage and brutal forces seeking to subjugate the world’. Referring to these forces under the umbrella term ‘Hitlerism’, it is clear that the Allied leaders did not differentiate between the different regimes against which they were fighting.
The declaration also presented the intended conclusion of the war. Rather than accept an armistice as had happened at the conclusion of the First World War, the signatories agreed that ‘complete victory over their enemies is essential’. This meant that the Allies would only accept the unconditional surrender of their enemies. Furthermore, they agreed to cooperate with every other signatory in the ongoing war and therefore not pursue a separate peace for their own nation’s advantage.
By the time the war ended in 1945, a further 21 countries had signed the declaration.
The other original signatories in the next day (2 January 1942) were the four dominions of the British Commonwealth (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa); eight European governments-in-exile (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Yugoslavia); nine countries in the Americas (Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama); and one non-independent government, the British-appointed government of India.
The Declaration by United Nations became the basis of the United Nations (UN), which was formalized in the UN Charter, signed by 50 countries on 26 June 1945.
Friday, February 3, 2017
41-12-11 Nazi Germany declares war on USA
11th December 1941: Nazi Germany declares war on the USA - HiPo > .
Although America had remained a neutral country for the first two years of WW2, the government under President Roosevelt developed a close relationship with Britain. This strained Germany’s own relationship with the USA, especially as the Navy had begun protecting merchant vessels bound for Britain by attacking German U-Boats in the Atlantic.
A week before the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December, the Japanese ambassador met with the German Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, to secure a German commitment to war against the USA. Although this went against the terms of the Tripartite Pact, which would only require German support if Japan itself was attacked, Hitler reportedly dismissed his minister’s concerns as he felt it was important to swiftly declare war on America.
Consequently Germany made plans to declare war on the USA in tandem with Italy. In a short meeting on the afternoon of 11 December Leland B. Morris, the American Chargé d'Affaires in Berlin, was summoned to Ribbentrop’s office where he was read the formal declaration of war. Half an hour later Hitler made the declaration public in an address to the Reichstag. Although he and Mussolini had agreed to announce their declarations of war at the same time, the Italian leader made his speech fifteen minutes earlier.
Thanks to the Magic system of signals intelligence that was able to decipher Japanese diplomatic communications, the United States had, for two days, been aware of the German intention to declare war. This gave Roosevelt time to prepare the public for an expansion of the conflict and, approximately six hours after Germany’s declaration of war, the United States declared war on Germany.
A week before the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December, the Japanese ambassador met with the German Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, to secure a German commitment to war against the USA. Although this went against the terms of the Tripartite Pact, which would only require German support if Japan itself was attacked, Hitler reportedly dismissed his minister’s concerns as he felt it was important to swiftly declare war on America.
Consequently Germany made plans to declare war on the USA in tandem with Italy. In a short meeting on the afternoon of 11 December Leland B. Morris, the American Chargé d'Affaires in Berlin, was summoned to Ribbentrop’s office where he was read the formal declaration of war. Half an hour later Hitler made the declaration public in an address to the Reichstag. Although he and Mussolini had agreed to announce their declarations of war at the same time, the Italian leader made his speech fifteen minutes earlier.
Thanks to the Magic system of signals intelligence that was able to decipher Japanese diplomatic communications, the United States had, for two days, been aware of the German intention to declare war. This gave Roosevelt time to prepare the public for an expansion of the conflict and, approximately six hours after Germany’s declaration of war, the United States declared war on Germany.
Thursday, February 2, 2017
41-12-7 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
.Enter Japan - Pearl Harbor - WW2 - December 7, 1941 - WW2 > .
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War II. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War II. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum
igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...
