Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Monday, January 27, 2020

Black Gold - Baku

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Black Gold: The War For Soviet Oil | War Factories | Timeline > .
23-7-22 Saudi Arabia’s Catastrophic “Everything” Problem - Real > .
22-3-26 Why Russia’s War Drove Up US Gas Prices - CNBC > .
22-3-17 Why The Middle East Won't Survive Without Oil - OBF > .

The story of the discovery and exploitation of the Baku Oilfields in the Russian Caucasus, which forced Stalin and Hitler to face-off in the battle of Stalingrad.

●● Essential Infrastructure ..

Bones as Resource

Bones were processed at rendering plants into cordite for ammunition, aircraft glue and fertilizer.

Bones..Bones..Bones - Save Bones - British Pathé video

Cordite is a family of smokeless propellants developed and produced in the United Kingdom since 1889 to replace gunpowder as a military propellant. Like gunpowder, cordite is classified as a low explosive because of its slow burning rates and consequently low brisance. These produce a subsonic deflagration wave rather than the supersonic detonation wave produced by brisants, or high explosives. The hot gases produced by burning gunpowder or cordite generate sufficient pressure to propel a bullet or shell to its target, but not so quickly as to routinely destroy the barrel of the gun.

Cordite was used initially in the .303 British, Mark I and II, standard rifle cartridge between 1891 and 1915; shortages of cordite in WW1 led to United States–developed smokeless powders being imported into the UK for use in rifle cartridges. Cordite was also used for large weapons, such as tank guns, artillery, and naval guns. It has been used mainly for this purpose since the late 19th century by the UK and British Commonwealth countries. Its use was further developed before WW2, and as 2-and-3-inch-diameter (51 and 76 mm) Unrotated Projectiles for launching anti-aircraft weapons. Small cordite rocket charges were also developed for ejector seats made by the Martin-Baker Company. Cordite was also used in the detonation system of the Little Boy atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima in August 1945.

The term "cordite" generally disappeared from official publications between the wars. During WW2, double based propellants were very widely used, and there was some use of triple based propellants by artillery. Triple based propellants were used in post-war ammunition designs and remain in production for UK weapons; most double based propellants left service as World War II stocks were expended after the war. For small arms it has been replaced by other propellants, such as the Improved Military Rifle (IMR) line of extruded powder or the WC844 ball propellant currently in use in the 5.56×45mm NATO.[2] Production ceased in the United Kingdom around the end of the 20th century, with the closure of the last of the World War II cordite factories, ROF Bishopton. Triple base propellant for UK service (for example, the 105 mm L118 Light Gun) is now manufactured in Germany.

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Cargo Chokepoints - Shipping

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24-2-1 Ultra Large Container Vessels Too Large for US Ports - Shipping > .


History of Globalization æ

Cargo shipping is basically the string that holds modern capitalism together; 90 percent of traded goods are transported over the water. But it mostly happens out of sight. Throughout time, ships have gotten steadily bigger to accommodate more containers, with the biggest coming in at almost 24,000 TEU. Bigger ships carry more containers, which in turn means fewer trips and lower fuel costs. Disruptions to the global supply chain, whether as a result of a pandemic causing chaos in supply and demand, or of a gigantic ship getting stuck in a narrow but important canal, often call for a re-think. Should ships be that big and travel that far? It's all about ships, and where they’re headed, both literally and figuratively. What will they look like? Where will they go? How will they change?

sī vīs pācem, parā bellum

igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum    therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...