20th+: Gibraltar

1:10 - Why is Gibraltar British ?

2:05 - WW1 (The big strike)

5:55 - Mid roll ads

7:25 - Felix, Tracer, Goldeneye

13:40 -The prince, the queen & the hangman

20:28 - The last blockade

Gibraltar: The History of the Rock Across 14 Sieges - Geo > .

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of 6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) and is bordered to the north by Spain. The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to over 32,000 people, primarily Gibraltarians.

In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession on behalf of the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne. The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. During the Napoleonic Wars and WW2 it was an important base for the Royal Navy as it controlled the entrance and exit to the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar, which is only 14.3 km (8.9 mi) wide at this naval choke point.

During WW2, most of Gibraltar's civilian population was evacuated, mainly to London, but also to parts of Morocco and Madeira and to Gibraltar Camp in Jamaica. The Rock was strengthened as a fortress. On 18 July 1940, the Vichy French air force attacked Gibraltar in retaliation for the British bombing of the Vichy navy.

The naval base and the ships based there played a key role in the provisioning and supply of the island of Malta during its long siege. As well as frequent short runs, known as "Club Runs", towards Malta to fly off aircraft reinforcements (initially Hurricanes, but later, notably from the USN aircraft carrier Wasp, Spitfires), the critical Operation Pedestal convoy was run from Gibraltar in August 1942. This resupplied the island at a critical time in the face of concentrated air attacks from German and Italian forces. Spanish dictator Francisco Franco's reluctance to allow the German Army onto Spanish soil frustrated a German plan to capture the Rock, codenamed Operation Felix.

Gibraltar remains strategically important, with half the world's seaborne trade passing through the strait. Today Gibraltar's economy is based largely on tourism, online gambling, financial services and bunkering.

The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations because Spain asserts a claim to the territory. Gibraltarians rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum and, in a 2002 referendum, the idea of shared sovereignty was also rejected.

On 31 January 2020, the UK and Gibraltar left the European Union. In December 2020, the UK and Spain agreed in principle to a basis on which the UK and the EU might negotiate terms for Gibraltar to participate in aspects of the Schengen Agreement.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar .

Gibraltar in WW1:
http://livelb.nationalarchives.gov.uk... .
https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online... .

Gibraltar in WW2:
https://www.visitgibraltar.gi/history... .

Air Raids during WW2:
https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2020/05... .

Operation Felix:
https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/201... .
https://www.jstor.org/stable/260712 .
https://www.historyextra.com/period/s... .

Operation Tracer:
https://web.archive.org/web/201309051... .

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk... .

David Scherr vs the Saboteurs:
https://www.mi5.gov.uk/the-battle-for... .

The Queen of Hearts:

https://books.google.com/books/about/... .

The Italian Frogmen raids:
https://www.anaim.it/decima/operazion... .
https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siam... .

Albert Pierrepoint
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/601... .

Franco’s Blockade:

https://english.elpais.com/elpais/201... .
http://web.mit.edu/cascon/cases/case_... .
https://theworldunreported.com/2020/1... .

BrexTWIT:

https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/world-eu... .

https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/10/... .