Governmental Propaganda - Lewis >> .
Governmental Propaganda ..
Ministry of Information .
Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain's declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The Ministry was located in Senate House at the University of London during the 1940s. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and overseas publicity in Allied and neutral countries.
Planning for such an organisation had started in October 1935 under the auspices of the Committee for Imperial Defence, largely conducted in secret; otherwise the government was publicly admitting the inevitability of war. Propaganda was still tainted by the experience of the First World War. In the ‘Great War', several different agencies had been responsible for propaganda, except for a brief period when there had been a Department of Information (1917) and a Ministry of Information (1918) Planning for the new MOI was largely organised by volunteers drawn from a wide range of government departments, public bodies and specialist outside organisations.
In the 1930s communications activities had become a recognised function of government. Many departments however had established public relations divisions, and were reluctant to give this up to central control. In early 1939 documents noted concern that the next war would be ‘a war of nerves' involving the civilian population, and that the government would need to go further than ever before with every means of publicity ‘utilised and co-ordinated', as it fought against a well-funded and established Nazi machine. Threatened by censorship, the press reacted negatively to the MOI, describing it as shambolic and disorganised, and as a result it underwent many structural changes throughout the war. Four Ministers headed the MOI in quick succession: Lord Hugh Macmillan, Sir John Reith and Duff Cooper, before the Ministry settled down under Brendan Bracken in July 1941. Supported by Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the press, Bracken remained in office until victory was obvious.
The Ministry was responsible for information policy and the output of propaganda material in Allied and neutral countries, with overseas publicity organised geographically. American and Empire Divisions continued throughout the war, other areas being covered by a succession of different divisions. The MOI was not, in general, responsible for propaganda in enemy and enemy-occupied countries, but it did liaise directly with the Foreign Office. Responsibility for publicity in enemy territories was organised by Department EH (later part of the Special Operations Executive).
For home publicity, the Ministry dealt with the planning of general government or interdepartmental information, and provided common services for public relations activities of other government departments. The Home Publicity Division (HPD) undertook three types of campaigns, those requested by other government departments, specific regional campaigns, and those it initiated itself. Before undertaking a campaign, the MOI would ensure that propaganda was not being used as a substitute for other activities, including legislation.
The General Production Division (GPD), one of the few divisions to remain in place throughout the war, undertook technical work under Edwin Embleton. The GPD often produced work in as little as a week or a fortnight, when normal commercial practice was three months. Artists were not in a reserved occupation and were liable for call up for military service along with everyone else. Many were recalled from the services to work for the Ministry in 1942, a year in which £4 million was spent on publicity, approximately a third more than in 1941. £120,000 of this was spent on posters, art and exhibitions. Many extra designs were pre-prepared in order to cope with short lead-times and the changing events of war. Through the Home Intelligence Division, the MOI collected reactions to general wartime morale and, in some cases, specifically to publicity produced.
In March 1946, the MOI was dissolved. Its residual functions passed to the Central Office of Information (COI), a central organisation providing common and specialist information services.
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_propaganda_during_World_War_II .
Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain's declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The Ministry was located in Senate House at the University of London during the 1940s. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and overseas publicity in Allied and neutral countries.
Planning for such an organisation had started in October 1935 under the auspices of the Committee for Imperial Defence, largely conducted in secret; otherwise the government was publicly admitting the inevitability of war. Propaganda was still tainted by the experience of the First World War. In the ‘Great War', several different agencies had been responsible for propaganda, except for a brief period when there had been a Department of Information (1917) and a Ministry of Information (1918) Planning for the new MOI was largely organised by volunteers drawn from a wide range of government departments, public bodies and specialist outside organisations.
In the 1930s communications activities had become a recognised function of government. Many departments however had established public relations divisions, and were reluctant to give this up to central control. In early 1939 documents noted concern that the next war would be ‘a war of nerves' involving the civilian population, and that the government would need to go further than ever before with every means of publicity ‘utilised and co-ordinated', as it fought against a well-funded and established Nazi machine. Threatened by censorship, the press reacted negatively to the MOI, describing it as shambolic and disorganised, and as a result it underwent many structural changes throughout the war. Four Ministers headed the MOI in quick succession: Lord Hugh Macmillan, Sir John Reith and Duff Cooper, before the Ministry settled down under Brendan Bracken in July 1941. Supported by Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the press, Bracken remained in office until victory was obvious.
The Ministry was responsible for information policy and the output of propaganda material in Allied and neutral countries, with overseas publicity organised geographically. American and Empire Divisions continued throughout the war, other areas being covered by a succession of different divisions. The MOI was not, in general, responsible for propaganda in enemy and enemy-occupied countries, but it did liaise directly with the Foreign Office. Responsibility for publicity in enemy territories was organised by Department EH (later part of the Special Operations Executive).
For home publicity, the Ministry dealt with the planning of general government or interdepartmental information, and provided common services for public relations activities of other government departments. The Home Publicity Division (HPD) undertook three types of campaigns, those requested by other government departments, specific regional campaigns, and those it initiated itself. Before undertaking a campaign, the MOI would ensure that propaganda was not being used as a substitute for other activities, including legislation.
The General Production Division (GPD), one of the few divisions to remain in place throughout the war, undertook technical work under Edwin Embleton. The GPD often produced work in as little as a week or a fortnight, when normal commercial practice was three months. Artists were not in a reserved occupation and were liable for call up for military service along with everyone else. Many were recalled from the services to work for the Ministry in 1942, a year in which £4 million was spent on publicity, approximately a third more than in 1941. £120,000 of this was spent on posters, art and exhibitions. Many extra designs were pre-prepared in order to cope with short lead-times and the changing events of war. Through the Home Intelligence Division, the MOI collected reactions to general wartime morale and, in some cases, specifically to publicity produced.
In March 1946, the MOI was dissolved. Its residual functions passed to the Central Office of Information (COI), a central organisation providing common and specialist information services.
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_propaganda_during_World_War_II .
War Ministries WW2 ..
Public Information Films 1/3 > .
Public Information Films 2/3 > .
Public Information Films 3/3 > .
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm .
https://history.blog.gov.uk/2014/09/12/chaos-and-censorship/ .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom) .
http://saynotothequo.blogspot.ca/2011/04/wwii-propaganda-wars-british-ministry.html .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Tallents .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Macmillan,_Baron_Macmillan .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reith,_1st_Baron_Reith .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duff_Cooper .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Bracken,_1st_Viscount_Bracken .
Ministry of Information - public information films
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm
https://history.blog.gov.uk/2014/09/12/chaos-and-censorship/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)
http://saynotothequo.blogspot.ca/2011/04/wwii-propaganda-wars-british-ministry.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Tallents
WWII Information Films
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3DF1E7F69CC6DEC3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Macmillan,_Baron_Macmillan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reith,_1st_Baron_Reith
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duff_Cooper
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Bracken,_1st_Viscount_Bracken
Ministers of Information 1939–46
Public Information Films 1/3 > .
Public Information Films 2/3 > .
Public Information Films 3/3 > .
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm .
https://history.blog.gov.uk/2014/09/12/chaos-and-censorship/ .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom) .
http://saynotothequo.blogspot.ca/2011/04/wwii-propaganda-wars-british-ministry.html .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Tallents .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Macmillan,_Baron_Macmillan .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reith,_1st_Baron_Reith .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duff_Cooper .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Bracken,_1st_Viscount_Bracken .
Ministry of Information - public information films
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm
https://history.blog.gov.uk/2014/09/12/chaos-and-censorship/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)
http://saynotothequo.blogspot.ca/2011/04/wwii-propaganda-wars-british-ministry.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Tallents
WWII Information Films
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3DF1E7F69CC6DEC3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Macmillan,_Baron_Macmillan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reith,_1st_Baron_Reith
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duff_Cooper
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Bracken,_1st_Viscount_Bracken
| Name | Term of office | Political party | Prime Minister | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Lord Macmillan | 4 September 1939 | 5 January 1940 | Conservative | Neville Chamberlain (War Coalition) | ||
| Sir John Reith | 5 January 1940 | 12 May 1940 | National Independent | |||
| Duff Cooper | 12 May 1940 | 20 July 1941 | Conservative | Winston Churchill (War Coalition) | ||
| Brendan Bracken | 20 July 1941 | 25 May 1945 | Conservative | |||
| Geoffrey Lloyd | 25 May 1945 | 26 July 1945 | Conservative | Winston Churchill (Caretaker Min.) | ||
| Edward Williams | 4 August 1945 | 31 March 1946 | Labour | Clement Attlee | ||
- Paper Salvage 1939–50 .
- Political Warfare Executive – British Second World War white and black propaganda unit
- War Artists' Advisory Committee .
- British War Memorials Committee (1918, Beaverbrook) .
- Central Office of Information .
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