US Bombers Quit Guam

US Bombers Leave Guam After 16 Years - CoCa > . skip > .

24-11-10 Ranking USA's Most Important Military Bases - Aaron Watson > .

24-7-29 How USA Benefits From Overseas Territories - Versed > . skip > .

24-7-26 [US Military Logistics & Overseas Bases] - Real > .

24-6-15 Overseas Territories of the USA - Map Pack > .

23-12-7 Why The US Military Has Bases Everywhere - Map Pack > .

23-10-25 US & [I-P-CW] vs Xina: Preparations to Fight War - Real > .

23-7-29 Ream, Hambantota, Tonga Naval Bases; Australia - Focus > .

23-7-28 PLAN's Indo-Pacific Bases - Ream, Djibouti, Hambantota, Tonga - Focus > .

23-7-7 USN not afraid of PLAN ... yet - nwyt > .

23-7-7 Would America Really Defend Taiwan? > . skip > .

23-2-22 US Bases & Philippine Fight Against Xina - T&P > .

22-7-20 Хina Wants to Attack Guam in the Pacific - Uncensored > .

22-7-21 Why Every NATO Member Joined (Why Others Haven't) - Spaniel > .

2021 U.S. Strategy in Guam to Counter China's Growing Threat | WSJ > .

2022 90% Of Foreign Military Bases Are American - AJ+ > .

2022 Fort Bragg: Largest Military Base in the World - Megaprojects > . skip ad > .

2021 Lily Pads, Diego Garcia, naval military "bases" - OBF > . skip ad > .

NATO & US treaties post-WW2 - Vox > .

Countries With Colonies 21st C - General > .

> Overseas Bases >>

24-11-10 Ranking USA's Most Important Military Bases - Aaron Watson > .

> PLA >>

24-7-6 [Naval Strategy: Mahan, Corbett | PLAN Aggression] - Pacific > . 

24-5-29 Hainan Island & Xina's Massive Naval Expansion | WSJ > .

Tensions - Oceans, Water - BPow >> .

Guam: Why America's Most Isolated Territory Exists - Wend > .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam .

US Bombers Quit Guam ..

US Overseas Territories ..

In planning an invasion of Taiwan, Xina needs to make sure that it doesn't face resistance from Guam, the closes US territory to Taiwan in the Pacific. Home to some 170,000 US troops and several military bases, Guam represents a real threat any XiXiP attack of Taiwan.

● Geopolitics: Africa ◊

> African Economies >> > Africa~ >>  > Africa >>

23-9-26 Why Africa Suffers so Many Coups: Warographics Analysis > .

2021 Africa ..

Africa ..

Africa's Challenging Geography ..

African Aquapolitics ..

African Monsters ..
Algeria vs Morocco ..
Apartheid ..

Arab Spring & Winter ..
Belt & Road - Africa ..

Chokepoints - Suez Canal ..

Djibouti Bases - Bab-al-Mandab Chokepoint ..

Djibouti Bases - China's 1st Abroad .. 
EAF - East Africa Federation Proposal ..

Egypt ⟺ Ethiopia GERD ..
Egyptian Geoeconomics ..
Egyptian Nile - 1925 ..

Egypt's Water Crisis ..
Ethiopia - Tigray Conflict ..

Forecast: Africa ..

GERD - Ethiopia’s Renaissance Dam (vs Egypt, Sudan) ↬
Mali ..
Mauritius ..
Nile ..

Poverty in Africa ..

Red Sea ..
Sahara ..
Somaliland Separation ..
South Africa's Problems ..
Trans African Highway ..
Tunisian Crisis ..
Xiocolonialism ..

⧫ Africa - Geoeconomics ..

⧫ Africa - Geopolitics ..

● Balance of Power ..
BoP - Africa ..

BoP - Authoritarianism, Corruption ..
BoP - Country Superlatives ..
BoP - Economics ..
BoP - History of Revolutions ..
BoP - Ideological Clashes ..
BoP - Politics, Geopolitics ..
BoP - War = Failure of Diplomacy ..
BoP - Worst & Weakest Countries ..

● Economic Geopolitics ..

● Geopolitics: Indo-Pacific

● Geographic Challenge & Geopolitics ..
Geographic Challenge & Geopolitics – Africa ..

2021 Africa

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2021 Forecast: Africa - Neocolonialism At Its Worst - KJ > .

24-3-25 Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso to form a confederation - Caspian > .

2021 Is China using Debt to Control Africa? - VisPol > .

22-3-18 "Myth" of the Chinese Debt Trap in Africa - Bloomberg > .

On January 1, 2021, African countries began officially trading under a new continent-wide free trade area. The African Continental Free Trade Area aims to bring together 1.3 billion people in a $3.4 trillion economic bloc that will be the largest free trade area since the establishment of the World Trade Organization.

Every African country except Eritrea has signed on to the free trade area framework agreement, and 34 have already ratified it. Although such an action could be interpreted as a continuation of globalization, it may take decades before African countries create a single market, common currency, as well as common fiscal and monetary policies.

Algeria vs Morocco

21-9-14 Algeria & Morocco: World's Most Self-Destructive Rivalry - Caspian Report > .

24-12-14 [Western Sahara - disputed between Algeria & Morocco] - Real > .

2021 War coming in Sahara? Algeria, Morocco, role of gas - VisPol > .

2021 France = World's 5th Biggest Country - Real > .

2021 Is China using Debt to Control Africa? - VisPol > .

> African Economies >> > Africa >>  > Africa~ >>  

24-3-25 Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso to form a confederation - Caspian > .

24-3-23 Islamist Terrorists, French, Ruscians - Proxy Insurgencies in Africa - Real > .

Western Sahara is a disputed territory in North-western Africa. Western Sahara is located on the north-west coast in West Africa and on the cusp of North Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean to the northwest, Morocco proper to the north-northeast, Algeria to the east-northeast, and Mauritania to the east and south. It has a surface area of 272,000 square kilometres (105,000 sq mi). Approximately 30% of the territory (82,500 km2 (31,900 sq mi)) is controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR); the remaining 70% is occupied and administered by neighboring Morocco. It is the most sparsely populated territory in Africa and the second most sparsely populated territory in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. The population is estimated at 618,600. Nearly 40% of that population lives in Morocco-controlled Laayoune, the largest city of Western Sahara.

Apartheid

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Why South Africa is still so segregated - Vox > .

22-12-28 Too many people? Challenges of demographic change | DW > .

Centuries of division built one of the most unequal countries on earth. For decades, South Africa was under apartheid: a series of laws that divided people by race. Then, in the 1990s, those laws were dismantled. But many of the barriers they created continue to divide South Africans by skin color - which in turn determines their quality of life, access to jobs, and wealth. Racial division was built into the fabric of cities throughout South Africa, and it still hasn't been uprooted.

That's partly because, while apartheid was the culmination of South Africa's racial divisions, it wasn't the beginning of them. That story starts closer to the 1800s, when the British built a network of railroads that transformed the region's economy into one that excluded most Black people -- and then made that exclusion the law.

The railroads and how they impacted Cape Colony’s economy, paper by Johan Fourie and Alonso Herranz Loncan:
https://academic.oup.com/ereh/article... .
​ Segregation in South Africa’s major urban centers - segregation and inequality:
https://www.seri-sa.org/images/SERI_E... .
​ Post-Apartheid cities, paper by Edgar Pieterse (featured in the video):
https://www.africancentreforcities.ne...​ .
History and legacy of District Six, District Six Museum website:
https://www.districtsix.co.za/ .​