Sunday, December 15, 2013

North Sea

2021 Future of the North Sea - Into Europe > .
24-9-6 How the Atlantic Ocean made the modern world - Caspian > .
24-4-3 North Sea - Geography, History, Oil - FactSpark > . skip > .
24-2-7 Dodging Dutch Disease - Norway Becoming the Rich - Real > .
23-12-27 Britain turning the North Sea into a massive power plant - Caspian > .
22-9-27 Energy Crisis: Pain or Opportunity? - gtbt > .
22-7-21 Why Every NATO Member Joined (Why Others Haven't) - Spaniel > .
22-7-5 How Norway Became Insanely Rich - Dodging Oil Curse - Casual Scholar > .
22-3-26 Why Russia’s War Drove Up US Gas Prices - CNBC > .
22-3-10 Sweden's pro-NATO reaction to Russian aggression - Force Tech > .

North Sea ..
Norway 2000s ..


The North Sea is turning into Europe’s largest power plant, with massive wind farms being built all across the North Sea. While oil and gas extraction and fishing have historically played a huge role in the region, their importance is set to be dwarfed by the creation of massive wind farms in the North Sea. 

Denmark, Norway, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany are set to build a series of wind farms that will change the way the North sea operates. The creation of energy islands and hubs will turn the region into a center for Europe’s energy transition.

The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Great Britain (specifically England and Scotland), Jutland (in Denmark), Norway, two States of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Hauts-de-France (in France). An epeiric (or "shelf") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than 970 kilometres (600 mi) long and 580 kilometres (360 mi) wide, covering 570,000 square kilometres (220,000 sq mi).

It has long hosted key north European shipping lanes as well as provided a major fishery. The coast is a popular destination for recreation and tourism in bordering countries, and more recently the sea has developed into a rich source of energy resources, including fossil fuels, wind, and early efforts in wave power.

Historically, the North Sea has featured prominently in geopolitical and military affairs, particularly in Northern Europe. It was also important globally through the power northern Europeans projected worldwide during much of the Middle Ages and into the modern era. The North Sea was the centre of the Vikings' rise. Subsequently, the Hanseatic League, the Dutch Republic, and the British each sought to gain command of the North Sea and thus access to the world's markets and resources. As Germany's only outlet to the ocean, the North Sea continued to be strategically important through both World Wars.

The coast has diverse geology and geography. In the north, deep fjords and sheer cliffs mark much of its Norwegian and Scottish coastlines respectively, whereas in the south, the coast consists mainly of sandy beaches, estuaries of long rivers and wide mudflats. Due to the dense population, heavy industrialization, and intense use of the sea and area surrounding it, there have been various environmental issues affecting the sea's ecosystems. Adverse environmental issues – commonly including overfishing, industrial and agricultural runoff, dredging, and dumping, among others – have led to a number of efforts to prevent degradation and to safeguard the long-term economic benefits.

https://www.4coffshore.com/offshorewind/ .
https://www.tennet.eu/our-key-tasks/i... .
https://northseawindpowerhub.eu/ .
https://northsearegion.eu/northsee/e-... .
https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/... .
https://www.northseaenergygateway.com... .
https://www.theguardian.com/theguardi... .
https://www.technischweekblad.nl/opin... .
https://www.offshorewind.biz/2021/02/... .
https://www.theguardian.com/business/... .
https://www.reuters.com/article/total... .
https://north-sea-energy.eu/static/3e... .
https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/... .
https://www.evwind.es/2021/03/24/buil... .
https://group.vattenfall.com/uk/what-... .
https://www.neptuneenergy.com/about-us .
https://ec.europa.eu/info/news/progre... .
https://northseawindpowerhub.eu/sites... .
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/press... .
https://static.agora-energiewende.de/... .
https://www.offshorewind.biz/2017/03/... .
https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/22/d... .
https://www.gov.uk/government/publica... .
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-conte... .
https://www.politico.eu/article/fishe... .
https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/file... .
https://www.rechargenews.com/wind/ene... .
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/W... .
https://northsearegion.eu/media/4836/... .
https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/... .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisheri.... .
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-no... .
https://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/offshore... .
https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-gr... .
https://ec.europa.eu/oceans-and-fishe... .
https://www.rechargenews.com/wind/ten... .
https://www.bilfinger.com/en/press/cu... .
https://jncc.gov.uk/mpa-mapper/ .
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Wednesday, December 11, 2013

Red Sea

20-12-22 Geopolitics of Russia's New Port Sudan Naval Base - AR GS > .20-10-13 Geopolitics of Turkey in the Red Sea - AR GS > .

Djibouti Bases - Bab-el-Mandeb Chokepoint ..
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> Red Sea Crisis >

Djibouti



> Red Sea Crisis >> > Red Sea, Persian Gulf >>  > Houthis >>  
24-5-30 Red Sea Chaos: Freight Rates Soar; Port Congestions; Houthi - Shipping > .
24-5-2 Drone Attack on Bulker Cyclades | Ship Attacks in Indian Ocean - Shipping > .
24-4-25 Red Sea | US Strategy Against the Houthis - Shipping > .



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>> Red Sea & Persian Gulf >>





Red Sea ..
> Red Sea Crisis >> Persian Gulf  
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RN - Indo-Pacific

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21-9-11 Royal Navy Ships ⇒ 5 Years in Indo-Pacific > .
24-2-24 3D - How US Navy Destroyer Ship Works - AiTelly > .
21-9-27 Royal Navy Ships And Subs Explained > .


NATO

In April 2021, HMS Tamar became the first Royal Navy warship to be painted in dazzle camouflage since World War II, prior to Tamar's planned deployment with sister ship HMS Spey to the Asia-Pacific region. On 7 September 2021, Tamar and sister Spey departed Portsmouth to be forward deployed to the Indo-Pacific region for a minimum of five years.

On 6 November 2013 it was announced that the Royal Navy had signed an Agreement in Principle to build three new offshore patrol vessels, based on the River-class design, at a fixed price of £348 million including spares and support. The River class are significantly larger than the Island-class vessels and have a large open deck aft allowing them to be fitted with equipment for a specific role, which can include fire-fighting, disaster relief and anti-pollution work. For this purpose, a 25-tonne (25-long-ton; 28-short-ton) capacity crane is fitted. In addition, the deck is strong enough for the transport of various tracked and wheeled light vehicles, or an LCVP. The class are primarily used with the Fishery Protection Squadron and EEZ patrol.

In August 2014, BAE Systems signed the contract to build the ships on the Clyde in Scotland. The Ministry of Defence stated that the Batch 2 ships are capable of being used for constabulary duties such as "counter-terrorism, counter-piracy and anti-smuggling operations". According to BAE Systems, the vessels are designed to deploy globally, conducting anti-piracy, counter-terrorism and anti-smuggling tasks currently conducted by frigates and destroyers. A £287m order, for two further ships, including Tamar, and support for all five Batch 2 ships, was announced on 8 December 2016.

The Batch 2 ships are fundamentally different in appearance and capabilities from the preceding Batch 1. Notable differences include the 90.5 metres (296 ft 11 in) long hull, a top speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph), a flight deck that can take an AgustaWestland Merlin helicopter, a displacement of around 2,000 tonnes and greatly expanded capacity for accommodating troops. The Batch 2 ships also have a different (full width) superstructure, and a fundamentally different above-water hullform shape (greater bow flare, different and less-pronounced forward knuckle line compared to the Batch 1 ships, lack of the distinctive forward and aft bulwarks of the Batch 1 vessels). The class is also fitted with the Kelvin Hughes SharpEye integrated radar system for navigation, the Terma Scanter 4100 2D radar for air and surface surveillance, and a BAE CMS-1 "Combat Management System".

Batch 2 are also the first Royal Navy ships fitted with the BAE Systems Shared Infrastructure operating system. BAE describes Shared Infrastructure as "a state-of-the-art system that will revolutionise the way ships operate by using virtual technologies to host and integrate the sensors, weapons and management systems that complex warships require. Replacing multiple large consoles dedicated to specific tasks with a single hardware solution reduces the number of spares required to be carried onboard and will significantly decrease through-life costs."

The class has been criticised in evidence to the Commons Defence Select Committee: lacking a helicopter hangar, something that will limit usefulness of the helicopter deck by preventing embarkation of a helicopter for anything other than very short periods; lacking a medium calibre gun (such as 76 mm); and poor value for money. It is argued that because of the lack of these features - which could have been incorporated for the price - the vessels will not be as capable in the ocean-going patrol capacity as claimed. A criticism of the class is that the reasoning behind their commissioning was simply to ensure that public money continued to support BAE dockyards and jobs prior to the ordering of the Type 26 frigate.

The Batch 2 ships for the Royal Navy include some 29 modifications and enhancements over the Amazonas-class corvette built by BAE Systems for the Brazilian Navy. The Royal Navy ships are built to more stringent naval standards, with features such as magazine protection, improved hull integrity and fire safety modifications, as well as greater redundancy.
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum

igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum    therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...

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