Wednesday, July 31, 2019

●● Law, Government, Politics

● Government Ministries ..
> > Governments > >

● Acts, Charters, Treaties - post WW1 ..
Against Appeasing Sociopathy ⇻
BBC ..
Canada Politics ..1957 Defence White Paper ..


"Liberal" History .. 1909-4-29 People's Budget ..Political Squabbles - UK, 21st ..
WarAg - Farming in Britain During WW2 ..
Women & Children - Home Front ..
Worst Prime Minister? ..
WWII? ..

Air Ministry - Adastral House ..1854-3-20 Republican Party ..     Voting Systems ..

Anocracy, Autocracy, >> Authoritarianism >>>

British Government Ministries

Econopolitics 


21st century
Merkel, Angela ..

Canada 

CCP vs USA

Crypto, Currency

Axis 
German military government


Education

Europe


Japan
Meiji Japan ..


Communications


Prisons


Resistance

Resources


Social Progress - Britain, Commonwealth

Social Regress - Britain, Commonwealth

Social Progress/Regress - USA

Social Regress - China


Treaties/Alliances

Asia

Europe

USA
US Political Labels ..73-1-22 Roe v Wade ..

USSR / Russian Federation
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Tuesday, July 30, 2019

● Government Ministries

Old War Office Building


War Office ..
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamberlain_war_ministry .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_war_ministry .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_cabinet .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Office .

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom) .

Predecessors of the modern Ministry of Defence:
Admiralty.
Air Ministry.
Ministry of Aviation.
Ministry of Defence.
War Office.

During the 1920s and 1930s, British civil servants and politicians, looking back at the performance of the state during the First World War, concluded that there was a need for greater co-ordination between the three services that made up the armed forces of the United Kingdom—the Royal Navy, the British Army and the Royal Air Force. The formation of a united ministry of defence was rejected by David Lloyd George's coalition government in 1921; but the Chiefs of Staff Committee was formed in 1923, for the purposes of inter-service co-ordination. As rearmament became a concern during the 1930s, Stanley Baldwin created the position of Minister for Co-ordination of Defence. Lord Chatfield held the post until the fall of Neville Chamberlain's government in 1940; his success was limited by his lack of control over the existing Service departments and his limited political influence.

Prior to the Second World War defence policy was co-ordinated by the Committee of Imperial Defence (CID). In 1936 the post of Minister for Co-ordination of Defence was established, though he did not have a department and the political heads of the three services—the First Lord of the Admiralty for the Royal Navy, the Secretary of State for War for the Army and the Secretary of State for Air for the Royal Air Force—continued to attend Cabinet.

On the outbreak of war in 1939 the CID was suspended and on 3 April 1940 the office of Minister for Co-ordination of Defence was abolished. Winston Churchill, on forming his government in May 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The heads of the three services were not included in the War Cabinet. The Minister had few departments, the most famous of which was MD1 which allowed unusual ideas for weapons to be developed under the patronage of Churchill with less interference from the services and got the nickname "Churchill's Toyshop".

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Sunday, July 28, 2019

● Acts, Charters, Treaties - post WW1

Armistice

Britain
Defence Regulations ..
NSA - National Service Act ..
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Appeasement

Appeasement 1938 - Lacking Context? > .
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41-8-14 Atlantic Charter

14th August 1941: Roosevelt and Churchill issue the Atlantic Charter > .
President To Prime Minister - Historic Meeting (1941) > .
22-7-21 Why Every NATO Member Joined (Why Others Haven't) - Spaniel > .

The Atlantic Charter was a statement issued on 14 August 1941 that set out American and British goals for the period following the end of WW2.

The joint statement, later dubbed the Atlantic Charter, outlined US and UK aims for the world as follows: no territorial aggrandizement; no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people (self-determination); restoration of self-government to those deprived of it; reduction of trade restrictions; global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all; freedom from fear and want; freedom of the seas; and abandonment of the use of force, as well as disarmament of aggressor nations. Adherents to the Atlantic Charter signed the Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942, which was the basis for the modern United Nations.

The Atlantic Charter inspired several other international agreements and events that followed the end of the war: the dismantling of the British Empire, the formation of NATO, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) all derive from the Atlantic Charter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Charter .
https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-112/sixty-years-on-the-atlantic-charter-1941-2001-1/ .

● Acts, Charters, Treaties - post WW1 .. 



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Saturday, July 27, 2019

Brandeis, Louis - SCOTUS

.1916-6-1: Louis Brandeis;1st Jewish justice on the U.S. Supreme Court - HiPo > .

Louis Dembitz Brandeis (November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941) was an American lawyer and associate justice on the Supreme Court of the United States from 1916 to 1939. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Jewish immigrant parents from Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic), who raised him in a secular home. He attended Harvard Law School, graduating at the age of 20 with the highest grade point average in the law school's history. Brandeis settled in Boston, where he founded a law firm (that is still in practice today as Nutter McClennen & Fish) and became a recognized lawyer through his work on progressive social causes.

Starting in 1890, he helped develop the "right to privacy" concept by writing a Harvard Law Review article of that title, and was thereby credited by legal scholar Roscoe Pound as having accomplished "nothing less than adding a chapter to our law". He later published a book entitled Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It, suggesting ways of curbing the power of large banks and money trusts. He fought against powerful corporations, monopolies, public corruption, and mass consumerism, all of which he felt were detrimental to American values and culture. He also became active in the Zionist movement, seeing it as a solution to antisemitism in Europe and Russia, while at the same time being a way to "revive the Jewish spirit."

When his family's finances became secure, he began devoting most of his time to public causes and was later dubbed the "People's Lawyer". He insisted on serving on cases without pay so that he would be free to address the wider issues involved. The Economist magazine calls him "A Robin Hood of the law." Among his notable early cases were actions fighting railroad monopolies, defending workplace and labor laws, helping create the Federal Reserve System, and presenting ideas for the new Federal Trade Commission. He achieved recognition by submitting a case brief, later called the "Brandeis Brief", which relied on expert testimony from people in other professions to support his case, thereby setting a new precedent in evidence presentation.

In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson nominated Brandeis to become a member of the Supreme Court. His nomination was bitterly contested, partly because, as Justice William O. Douglas later wrote, "Brandeis was a militant crusader for social justice whoever his opponent might be. He was dangerous not only because of his brilliance, his arithmetic, his courage. He was dangerous because he was incorruptible ... [and] the fears of the Establishment were greater because Brandeis was the first Jew to be named to the Court." On June 1, 1916, he was confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 47 to 22, to become one of the most famous and influential figures ever to serve on the high court. His opinions were, according to legal scholars, some of the "greatest defenses" of freedom of speech and the right to privacy ever written by a member of the Supreme Court.
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British Government Changes

40-10-3 Chamberlain resigns, 40-10-4 Morrison replaces Anderson > .
40-10-9 Churchill becomes Conservative leader > .
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Friday, July 26, 2019

Canada Politics

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24-1-13 Party Control, Canadian House of Commons (1867 - 2023) > . 1969+ > .
25-1-23 What would a Canada-U.S. tariff war actually look like? | CBC > .
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Churchill Chiefs of Staff


45-5-7 Seated left to right: Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Portal, Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham. Standing left to right: Secretary to the Chiefs of Staffs Committee Major-General L C Hollis and Chief of Staff to the Minister of Defence General Sir Hastings Ismay.

Winston Churchill with his chiefs of staff in the garden of No. 10 Downing Street on the day Germany surrendered to the Allies, 7 May 1945.
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CoG - Continuity of Government

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> CoG - Continuity of Government >>24-5-25 US Doomsday Defense Plan is Unbeatable - Map Pack > .
24-5-4 Why the US Defense Plan is [Probably] Unbeatable - Map Pack > .
Bunkering Down - WW2 Cold War - Leo Orbis >> .
> > Governments > >
CoG - Continuity of Government ..
Evacuation Plans & Pied Piper ..

Continuity of government (COG) is the principle of establishing defined procedures that allow a government to continue its essential operations in case of a catastrophic event such as nuclear war.

COG was developed by the British government before and during WW2 to counter threats, such as that of the Luftwaffe bombing during the Battle of Britain. The need for continuity of government plans gained new urgency with nuclear proliferation.

During and after the Cold War countries developed such plans to avoid (or minimize) confusion and disorder due to a power vacuum in the aftermath of a nuclear attack.

The primary British COG headquarters is at the Ministry of Defence in Whitehall. The Central Government War Headquarters was previously maintained in a quarry complex near Corsham, Wiltshire. The above-ground support facility was RAF Rudloe Manor.

Service command centres are Northwood for the Royal Navy Trident SSBN force, and RAF High Wycombe for the Royal Air Force.

UK-specific:
... 
Canada built numerous nuclear bunkers across the country, nicknamed "Diefenbunkers" in a play on the last name of then-Prime Minister John Diefenbaker. In 2016, the Privy Council Office made an agreement with the Department of National Defence to open two bunkers for government officials amid the ongoing North Korean nuclear crisis.
...
In the US at least, COG is no longer limited to nuclear emergencies; the Continuity of Operations Plan was activated following the September 11 attacks.

Continuity of the national government was first threatened in late 1776, when British forces advanced toward the Continental capital at Philadelphia. On December 9 the Continental Congress passed a resolution in anticipation of a British capture: 
Resolved: That in case this Congress shall be under the necessity of removing from Philadelphia, it shall be adjourned to Baltimore.
The Congress was adjourned as planned three days later. Other relocations followed during the course of the Revolutionary War.

For most of its existence, the United States operated without a standing continuity plan. When British forces burned Washington in 1814, Secretary of State James Monroe received only a few hours' notice to remove the government records. Although his staff saved many valuable records, much was nonetheless destroyed, and the next administration encountered a great deal of confusion.

In 1952 President Truman ordered all federal offices to develop their own continuity plans for the event of a civil defense emergency. Plans have been maintained and adapted since then, at times requiring the construction of secret facilities such as the emergency Congress facility in Greenbrier County, West Virginia. The current continuity policy is defined in National Security Policy Directive 51 and its implementation plan. The continuity plan was activated for the first time during the September 11, 2001 attacks.

The Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center is a government command facility located near Frogtown, Clarke County, Virginia, used as the center of operations for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Also known as the High Point Special Facility (HPSF), its preferred designation since 1991 is "SF".

The facility is a major relocation site for the highest level of civilian and military officials in case of national disaster, playing a major role in continuity of government (per the U.S. Continuity of Operations Plan).

Mount Weather is the location of a control station for the FEMA National Radio System (FNARS), a high frequency radio system connecting most federal public safety agencies and the U.S. military with most of the states. FNARS allows the president to access the Emergency Alert System.
The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which officials of the United States federal government assume the powers and duties of the office of president of the United States if the incumbent president becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns, or is removed from office. It was adopted in 1947, and last revised in 2006. The designated survivor is an individual in the line of succession, chosen to stay away from events such as State of the Union addresses and presidential inaugurations.
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sī vīs pācem, parā bellum

igitur quī dēsīderat pācem praeparet bellum    therefore, he who desires peace, let him prepare for war sī vīs pācem, parā bellum if you wan...

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