Euro Switch

22-5-9 Macron's Plan to Revive France - VisPol > .

23-1-3 Macron's Neo-Gaullism - plans for hegemony - Caspian Report > .

22-12-30 Most disappointing politicians - VisPol > .

21-11-26 Poland to double the size of its military - Caspian > .

EU 2023 ..

Officially joining the Euro is a difficult process, something that Bulgaria and other countries are currently learning. As such a couple of countries have decided to just use it it illegally, without the EU's permission. The video tracks Bulgaria through the process of joining, explaining why some just give up and adopt the euro unilaterally.

● European/EU Politics

Europe & EU - Geography, History, Politics >>>

2020 (pre-COVID) Forecast: Europe ..

2021 Europe ..

2021 - Europe, Russia, USA ..

2025 Europe, EU? ..

Aegean Tensions ..

Deutsche Wiedervereinigung - '89-'90 Reunification ..

ECE - Economic Corridors - Europe ..

EU 2023 ..

EU - European Union ..

EU Demographics ..

EU 'R Bust - Europe WW2 to 2014+ (EU) ..

EU's Future? ..

Euro Switch ..

European Relationships ..

Franco-German Influence within EU ..

Frontex - EU's Border Force ..

German Economy - 20th to 21st ..

Gibraltar ..

(Hungary) Exile from EU? ..

Macron Kowtows ..

Nordic Council ..

Poland ..

"Strategic Autonomy" of EU ..

Treaties ⇒ European Union ..

Turkey versus Greece ..

Visegrád Group - V4 ..

Alliances

Anglosphere - CANZUK ..

Treaties ⇒ European Union ..

Visegrád Group - V4 ..

Balkans

Balkans - Kosovo ..

Bosnia Landlocked? ..

(China) Courting the Balkans ..

Western Balkan Accession to EU? ..

BrexTWIT

2020-1-31 BrexTWIT ..

Boris vs EU ..

BrexTWIT - Divided We Fall ..

BrexTWIT to Devolution? ..

Economics, Infrastructure, Trade

North Sea ..

Privatization (UK Railways) ..

Tallinn-Helsinki Railway Tunnel ..

TTC - EU-US Trade and Technology Council ..

Eastern Bloc (former)

Europe's Three Seas Initiative ..

Visegrád Group - V4 ..

● Geopolitics: Europe, Mediterranean ..

Europe's Three Seas Initiative ..

Primakov Doctrine ..

Russia's Paranoid Endgame ..

Western treaties, post-WW2 timeline ..

History

1919-7-31 Weimar Republic ..

Mediterranean

Aegean Tensions ..

Cyprus Conflict ..

Turkey versus Greece ..

Military
NATO OTAN 1949 ..

Politicians

Macron's Rise, Ambitions ..

Merkel, Angela ..

Thatcher, Margaret ..

Trade

Anglosphere - CANZUK ..

Comprehensive (EU-China) Agreement on Investment ..

⧫ Currency, Monetary Policy

Currencies

Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, NFTs ↠

Crypto Anarchy ..

Currency Manipulation ..

Currency Swap & IRD ..

Current Account (National) ..

Euro Switch ..

Europe - Medieval Banking & Money Creation ➼

Fiat Currency ..

Keynesian Revolution (1936) .. 

Middle Income Trap ..

MMT - Modern Monetary Theory ..

Monetarism ..

QE - Quantitative Easing ..

Reserve Currencies ..

SDRs - Special Drawing Rights (IMF) ..

Stimulus Impacts ..

Debt 

Debt - Productive, Counterproductive ..

>> Economics >>>

Economies

Liquidity Trap ..

Stagflation ..

Ten Points - Washington Consensus ..

Financial Vehicles

Bond Yields - Interest Rate vs Inflation ..

ETF - Exchange-Traded Fund ..

Liquidity Trap ..

⧫ Economic Theory & Systems

>> Economics >>>

Economic Theory, Systems 
Autarky ..

Bank Failures ⇔ Economic Recession ..

Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, NFTs ↠

Bond Yields - Interest Rate vs Inflation ..

Death of Neoliberalism ..

Debt - Productive, Counterproductive ..

Debt-Trap Diplomacy ..

Demographic Dividend - Africa vs China ..

Dual-Sector Model (developing economies) ..

"Dutch Disease" ..

ECE - Economic Corridors - Europe ..

Economics of Defense ..

Economy of Roman Empire ➧

EU 'R Bust - Europe WW2 to 2014+ (EU) ..

Euro Switch ..

European Trade to Xi's Imperialism ..

Europe - Medieval Banking & Money Creation ➼

Federal Reserve ~ Downturns, Depressions ..

Financing War .. 

G7 - Eco-Geopolitics ..

Gold Standard ..

Inequality ..

Isolationism & Future ..

Liquidity Trap ..

Material Productivity ..

Middle Income Trap ..

Megacity Economics (Tokyo, Japan) ..

Neoliberalism ..

New World Order & Geopolitics of Competition ..

[Oligarchic] System: Who Rigged It, How We Fix It ⇻

Pandemic Economic Risks ..

Political Economics ..

Poverty ..

Remittance Economies ..

Reserve Currencies ..

SCF - Supply Chain Finance ..

Shock Waves ..

Socieconomic Collapse in 2040? ..

Soviet, Putist Economy ..

Stagflation ..

Supply and Demand ↠

Ten Points - Washington Consensus ..

The Use of Knowledge in Society ~ Hayek (1945) ..

UBI - Universal Basic Income ..

Unforseen Consequences ..

Wariness in Economics ..

Weaponized Interdependence - Global Economic Coercion ..

Welfare State ⇦ WW2 ..

Wirtschaftswunder und Ordoliberalismus ..

Economic Warfare

EW - Economic Warfare ➾ History ..

Isolationism & Future ..

Innovation

Authoritarian Impediments to Innovation ↠

Political Theory

Selectorate Theory ..

The Use of Knowledge in Society ~ Hayek (1945) ..

⧫ Fiscal Folly

>> Economics >>>

Monetary Mayhem

Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, NFTs ↠

Chimerica - Coupled China/US Economy ..

Crypto Anarchy ..

Euro Switch ..

Greek Debt Crisis ..

Low Trust Societies & Greek debt crisis ..

Pandemic Economic Risks ..

85-9-22 Plaza Accord (G5) ..

Poverty Trap ..

Shock Waves ..

Stock Market Crash? ..

Turkey's Economic Problems ..

⧫ Competition - Geoeconomic

America's Dwindling Prosperity ..
Anglosphere - CANZUK ..
B3W - Build Back Better World ..
BRI - Belt & Road Initiative ..
CAI, RCEP - Asia, Europe, USA ..
CCP Expansionism ..
CCP's String of Pearls ..
CCP Crackdown ..
CCP's Tech Seizure ..
Chimerica - Coupled China/US Economy ..
China’s Economic Reckoning ..
China's Resurgent Economy ..
Comprehensive Agreement on Investment ..

Conflict - Covert, Overt ..
CPEC - China-Pakistan Economic Corridor ..
Debt-Trap Diplomacy ..
ECE - Economic Corridors - Europe ..
Energy Geopolitics Eastern Mediterranean ..
Energy as Currency ..
European Trade to Xi's Imperialism ..
Euro Switch ..
Evergrande Crisis, CCP's Economic Strategy ..
Evergrande Bubble Blowout ..

Geostrategic Challenges - Europe 2022 ..
Lunar Economics ..
NK Sanction Dodging ..
Oil Reserves - 21st ..

Poverty ..
SCO - Shanghai Cooperation Organization ..
Size Matters? - Advantages of Small Nations ..
Spain's Gamble in Africa ..

SpEc - Space Economics ..
TTC - EU-US Trade and Technology Council ..
UK-Australia Trade Deal in Principle 2021  ..

Why Nations Prosper or Fail ..
Xi's Economic Dilemma ..

⧫ Geoeconomics 2021+

Economic Warfare

Conflict - Covert, Overt ..

GEE 2023

Bank Failures ⇔ Economic Recession ..

Migrant Labor - Economic Impacts ..

GEE 2021 

AGW Threat to Oceans ..

Airbus vs Boeing vs Comac ↠

America's Dwindling Prosperity ..

Anglosphere - CANZUK ..

Arabian-Nubian Shield - Mineral Resources ..

B3W - Build Back Better World (vs BRI) ..

BLI - OECD Better Life Index ..

Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, NFTs ↠

Bosnia Landlocked? ..

BrexTWIT Impacts ..

BRI - Belt & Road Initiative ..

CAI, RCEP - Asia, Europe, USA ..

CCP - Socioeconomic Inflexibility ..

CCP Crackdown on Business ..

CCP Expansionism ..

CCP's Naval Ambitions - PLAN ..

CCP's String of Pearls ..

CCP's Tech Seizure ..

Central Control (CCP, China) or Collapse ..

Chimerica - Coupled China/US Economy ..

China versus Taiwan ..

China’s Economic Reckoning ..

China's One Child Policy ..

China's Resurgent Economy ..

Costs of Ageing ..

Crimean Water Crisis ..

Crypto Anarchy ..

Comprehensive Agreement on Investment - China, Europe ..

CPEC - China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (Afghanistan) ..

Death of Neoliberalism ..

Debt-Trap Diplomacy ..

Demographic Dividend - Africa vs China ..

Digital Yuan ..

DIME & National Power ..

ECE - Economic Corridors - Europe ..

Economics of Defense ..

Energy as Currency ..

Energy Crisis - CoV+ ..

Energy Geopolitics Eastern Mediterranean ..

Euro Switch ..

European Trade to Xi's Imperialism ..

Evergrande Bubble Blowout ..

Evergrande Crisis, CCP's Economic Strategy ..

Food - Importing vs Exporting Nations ..

Future 21st C Battle? - Seabed Mining ..

G7 - Eco-Geopolitics ..

Gateway Cities & Water Geopolitics ..

GDP 2021 IMF ..

Global Tax Overhaul ..

Great Power Relations - GDP comparisons ..

Hegemonic Insecurity ..

IMF - International Monetary Fund ..

Isolationism & Future ..

Lunar Economics ..

Mid-COVID Inflation - 2021 → 

Middle Income Trap ..

Migrants - Irregular, Economic, EU ..

National Debt - USA, 21st ..

NK Sanction Dodging ..

Nordstream 2 Pipeline ⇻ 

Oil Reserves - 21st ..

Pandemic Economic Risks ..

Petroleum - Oil's History ..

Population Distribution ↬

Power of Geography ..

Rise and Fall of Empires (USA vs China, 21st) ..

Rogue Superpower - USA ..

Russia-China Against West ..

Sand - Future Conflict ..

SCO - Shanghai Cooperation Organization ..

Semiconductor Tensions, Telecommunication Networks ↠

Size Matters? - Advantages of Small Nations ..

Spain's Gamble in Africa ..

Stock Market Crash? ..

"Strategic Autonomy" of EU ..

Supply-Chain Issues - Natural Rubber ⇝

Threats to Democracy - 21st century ..

TTC - EU-US Trade and Technology Council ..

Turkey's Economic Problems ..

UK-Australia Trade Deal in Principle 2021 ..

US-China Relations - Future ..

Weaponized Interdependence - Global Economic Coercion ..

What If Russia Collapsed? ..

WTO - World Trade Organization ..

Xi's Economic Dilemma ..

⧫ Currency Manipulation

Currency Manipulation 
85-9-22 Plaza Accord (G5) ..

Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, NFTs ↠

Crypto Anarchy ..

Euro Switch ..

Money

Europe - Medieval Banking & Money Creation ➼

⧫ Domestic Economics

Domestic Economics

1929-10-29 Black Tuesday ..

1929 Stock Markets Slump & Crash ..

Agricultural Futures - 21st C ..
Black Market, WW2 ..
Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, NFTs ↠

Canada - Geopolitics ..

CCP - Socioeconomic Inflexibility ..

CCP Amplifies Control-Freakery ⇻

CCP Crackdown on Business ..

CCP Expansionism ..

CCP Pressuring Chinese Students in Oz ⇻

CCP's String of Pearls ..

CCP's Tech Seizure ..

Central Control (CCP, China) or Collapse ..

Costs of Ageing ..
Crypto Anarchy ..
Death of Neoliberalism ..

Debt - Productive, Counterproductive ..

Demographic Dividend - Africa vs China ..

Demographic Engineering Fail ..

Depopulation - Globe, Canada ..

DIME & National Power ..

Diminishing Educational Returns ..

"Dutch Disease" ..

ECE - Economic Corridors - Europe ..

Economic Recessions and Recoveries ..

Energy as Currency ..

Energy Crisis - CoV+ ..

Energy Crisis Triggers ..

Energy Geopolitics Eastern Mediterranean, 21st .. ..
Euro Switch ..

Evergrande Bubble Blowout ..

Evergrande Crisis, CCP's Economic Strategy ..

Federal Reserve ~ Downturns, Depressions ..

Financing War - Economics of Defense .. 

Food - Importing vs Exporting Nations ..

Gini Coefficient ..
Hegemonic Insecurity .. 

Historic Depopulation ..
Immigration - Economic Pros/Cons ..

Low Trust Societies & Greek debt crisis ..
Middle Income Trap ..

Migrant Labor - Economic Impacts ..
Migrants - Irregular, Economic, EU ..
Neoliberalism ..

Pandemic Economic Risks ..
Political Economics ..

Poverty ..

Poverty Trap ..

Recession, Depression ..

Reserve Currencies ..
Saudi Arabia - Water Problem ..
SCF - Supply Chain Finance ..

Skill Wars ..
Soviet, Putist Economy ..

Stimulus Impacts ..
Stock Market Crash? ..

Turkey's Economic Problems ..

Unforseen Consequences ..

Warlord Geocorruption ..

Xi's Economic Dilemma ..

Xina's Debt Bomb ..

Innovation

Authoritarian Impediments to Innovation ↠

⧫ National Economies ..

⧫ Politics - Geoeconomics

Politics

AGW Threat to Oceans ..

B3W - Build Back Better World (vs BRI) ..

BLI - OECD Better Life Index ..

BrexTWIT Impacts ..

British Economy - Interbellum ..

CAATSA & Sanctions ..

Canada - Geopolitics ..

CCP Crackdown on Business ..

Central Control (CCP, China) or Collapse ..

Challenges - Geography of USA, Russia ..

Chimerica - Coupled China/US Economy ..

Communist Inefficiency to Oligarchy in Russia ..

Crypto Anarchy ..

Death of Neoliberalism ..

Debt - Productive, Counterproductive ..

Debt-Trap Diplomacy ..

Depopulation - Globe, Canada ..

Drang nach Osten & Lebensraum ..

ECE - Economic Corridors - Europe ..

EPo - Europolitics ..

EU 'R Bust - Europe WW2 to 2014+ (EU) ..

Euro Switch ..

European Trade to Xi's Imperialism ..

Financing War .. 

Geostrategic Power - Instruments ..

Great [post-COVID] Resignation →

Hegemonic Insecurity ..

Historic Depopulation ..

IMD Competitiveness Ranking ..

Immigration - Economic Pros/Cons ..

Isolationism & Future ..

Land - Investing in Limited Resource ..

Life - WW1 Home Front ..

Low Trust Societies & Greek debt crisis ..

Middle Income Trap ..

Migrant Labor - Economic Impacts ..

Migrants - Irregular, Economic, EU ..

Military R&D Dead Ends - USA 21st ⇼ 

National Debt - USA, 21st ..

Neoliberalism ..

Pandemic Economic Risks ..

85-9-22 Plaza Accord (G5) ..

Political Economics ..

Politics of Interdependence ..

Politisizing Adam Smith ..

Power of Geography ..

Reserve Currencies ..

Rule-Based Co-operation vs Philosophical Anarchy ⇻

SCF - Supply Chain Finance ..

Size Matters? - Advantages of Small Nations ..

"Strategic Autonomy" of EU ..

Stumbling Economy - CCP ..

Ten Points - Washington Consensus ..

Threats to Democracy - 21st century ..

Turkey's Economic Problems ..

UBI - Universal Basic Income ..

Unemployment with Xinese Characteristics ..

Unforseen Consequences ..

Warlord Geocorruption ..

Welfare State ⇦ WW2 ..

Weaponized Interdependence - Global Economic Coercion ..

Xi's Economic Dilemma ..

⧫ Europe - Geoeconomics

EU

EU 2023 ..

EPo - Europolitics ..

Europe's Water Crisis ..

Migrants - Irregular, Economic, EU ..

Europe

1929 Stock Markets Slump & Crash ..
BrexTWIT - Divided We Fall ..

Chip Wars ..
Courting the Balkans ..
Snatching Atlantic Seabed ..

Anglosphere - CANZUK ..

B3W - Build Back Better World (vs BRI) ..

Belt & Road - Europe-Africa ..

BLI - OECD Better Life Index ..

British Overseas Territories ..

CAI, RCEP - Asia, Europe, USA ..

China's Tactics in Eastern Europe .. 

Crimean Water Crisis ..

Death of Neoliberalism ..

DIME & National Power ..

Drang nach Osten & Lebensraum ..

"Dutch Disease" ..

ECE - Economic Corridors - Europe ..

Economic Recovery - Interbellum Germany ..

Energy Geopolitics Eastern Mediterranean ..

EU 'R Bust - Europe WW2 to 2014+ (EU) ..

Eurasia & Power Competition at Sea .. 

Euro Switch ..

Europe's Water Crisis ..

European Trade to Xi's Imperialism ..

Geostrategic Challenges - Europe 2022 ..

German Economy - 20th to 21st .. 

Germany ~ Xina ..

Globalization ⇔ Decoupling ..

Greek Debt Crisis ..

IMD Competitiveness Ranking ..

Limp DICKtators ⇻

Low Trust Societies & Greek debt crisis ..

Politics of Europe - 1900-2020 .. 

Migrants - Irregular, Economic, EU ..

Politics of Interdependence ..

Sino-Economic Ambitions ..

"Strategic Autonomy" of EU ..

Trade Routes - Silk Road to Globalization ..

Turkey-Israel Maritime Plot .. 

Turkey's Economic Problems ..

Wirtschaftswunder und Ordoliberalismus ..

Foreign Aid

Unforseen Consequences ..

Marine/Submarine Infrastructure

Marine Infrastructure ..

Politics of Interdependence ..

Politics 

Political Economics ..

Politics of Interdependence ..
Politisizing Adam Smith ..

UK

Britain's Global Ambitions ..